ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Characterization of Eyjafjallajokull volcanic ash particles and a protocol for rapid risk assessment.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- An ancestral molecular response to nanomaterial particulates.Nature nanotechnology · 2023Pooled it
- Soy-dairy protein blend and whey protein ingestion after resistance exercise increases amino acid transport and transporter expression in human skeletal muscle.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2014Trial
- Evaluating hazard, vulnerability, and capacity through local knowledge for volcano risk reduction.Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa) · 2025Article
- Nanoscale silicate melt textures determine volcanic ash surface chemistry.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Phases in fine volcanic ash.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Characterization of Volcanic Cloud Components Using Machine Learning Techniques and SEVIRI Infrared Images.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Global-Scale Mineral Dust Equation.Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres : JGR · 2022Article
- Article
- HARCI-EU, a harmonized gridded dataset of critical infrastructures in Europe for large-scale risk assessments.Scientific data · 2019Article
- Functional nanomaterials to augment photosynthesis: evidence and considerations for their responsible use in agricultural applications.Interface focus · 2019Review
- Ash aggregation enhanced by deposition and redistribution of salt on the surface of volcanic ash in eruption plumes.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Fractionation and Mobility of Thallium in Volcanic Ashes after Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull (2010) in Iceland.Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2016Article
- Volcanic ash leaching as a means of tracing the environmental impact of the 2011 Grímsvötn eruption, Iceland.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Article
- Article
- Effects of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash on innate immune system responses and bacterial growth in vitro.Environmental health perspectives · 2013Article
- The adverse effects of air pollution on the nervous system.Journal of toxicology · 2012Article
- Article
- Ash generation and distribution from the April-May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland.Scientific reports · 2012Article
- A survey of early health effects of the Eyjafjallajokull 2010 eruption in Iceland: a population-based study.BMJ open · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
On April 14, 2010, when meltwaters from the Eyjafjallajökull glacier mixed with hot magma, an explosive eruption sent unusually fine-grained ash into the jet stream. It quickly dispersed over Europe. Previous airplane encounters with ash resulted in sandblasted windows and particles melted inside jet engines, causing them to fail. Therefore, air traffic was grounded for several days. Concerns also arose about health risks from fallout, because ash can transport acids as well as toxic compounds, such as fluoride, aluminum, and arsenic. Studies on ash are usually made on material collected far from the source, where it could have mixed with other atmospheric particles, or after exposure to water as rain or fog, which would alter surface composition. For this study, a unique set of dry ash samples was collected immediately after the explosive event and compared with fresh ash from a later, more typical eruption. Using nanotechniques, custom-designed for studying natural materials, we explored the physical and chemical nature of the ash to determine if fears about health and safety were justified and we developed a protocol that will serve for assessing risks during a future event. On single particles, we identified the composition of nanometer scale salt coatings and measured the mass of adsorbed salts with picogram resolution. The particles of explosive ash that reached Europe in the jet stream were especially sharp and abrasive over their entire size range, from submillimeter to tens of nanometers. Edges remained sharp even after a couple of weeks of abrasion in stirred water suspensions.
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