ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Vaccine adjuvants aluminum and monophosphoryl lipid A provide distinct signals to generate protective cytotoxic memory CD8 T cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Development of a Novel Polyleucine-Based Immunopotentiator for Subunit Vaccines Against Group A Streptococcus.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Role and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants in Childhood Vaccines.Pediatrics · 2026Review
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- BCG cell wall skeleton augments the immunogenicity of dengue nanoparticle vaccines by promoting dendritic cell activation.PloS one · 2025Article
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- Intradermal vaccination with a phytoglycogen nanoparticle and STING agonist induces cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated antitumor immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Influenza Virus-Derived CD8 T Cell Epitopes: Implications for the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines.Immune network · 2024Review
- Dual Role of Necroptosis in Cervical Cancer: Promoting Tumor Aggression and Modulating the Immune Microenvironment via the JAK2-STAT3 Pathway.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Importance of adjuvant selection in tuberculosis vaccine development: Exploring basic mechanisms and clinical implications.Vaccine: X · 2023Review
- Dendritic cell vaccine trials in gliomas: Untangling the lines.Neuro-oncology · 2023Review
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- L-Pampo™, a Novel TLR2/3 Agonist, Acts as a Potent Cancer Vaccine Adjuvant by Activating Draining Lymph Node Dendritic Cells.Cancers · 2023Article
- Adjuvant effects of combination monophosphoryl lipid A and poly I:C on antigen-specific immune responses and protective efficacy of influenza vaccines.Scientific reports · 2023Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines can greatly reduce the spread of and deaths from many infectious diseases. However, many infections have no successful vaccines. Better understanding of the generation of protective CD8 memory T cells by vaccination is essential for the rational design of new vaccines that aim to prime cellular immune responses. Here we demonstrate that the combination of two adjuvants that are currently licensed for use in humans can be used to prime long-lived memory CD8 T cells that protect mice from viral challenge. The universally used adjuvant, aluminum salts, primed long-lived memory CD8 T cells; however, effective cytotoxic T-cell differentiation occurred only in the presence of an additional adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). MPL-induced IL-6 was required for cytotoxic differentiation. The IL-6 acted by inducing granzyme B production and reducing expression of inhibitory molecule PD1 on the surface of the primed CD8 T cells. CD8 memory T cells generated by antigen delivered with both aluminum salts and MPL provided significant protection from influenza A challenge. These adjuvants could be used in human vaccines to prime protective memory CD8 T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.