ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2011
Horizontal transfer of the OXA-24 carbapenemase gene via outer membrane vesicles: a new mechanism of dissemination of carbapenem resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 342 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acinetobacter baumannii as a Model for the Study and Application of Gram-Negative Outer Membrane Vesicles: A Systematic Review.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Targeting Outer Membrane Vesicles ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles as multifunctional defense systems: Roles in immune evasion, phage interactions, and antimicrobial resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- New insights into outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria from biogenesis to applications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles: emerging players in antimicrobial resistance and clinical translation.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles (BEVs) Derived from Chryseobacterium Inhibit Dengue Virus Infection by Disrupting Its Structural Integrity.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Frontiers in bacterial outer membrane vesicles: From basic characteristics to cancer therapy.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- Characterization of outer membrane vesicles from Acinetobacter haemolyticus and their role in the dissemination of carbapenem resistance.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Virulence arsenal of Acinetobacter baumannii: mechanisms driving persistence and resistance.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacterial outer membrane vesicles: a smart platform for biomedical applications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- A Possible Recently Identified Evolutionary Strategy Using Membrane-Bound Vesicle Transfer of Genetic Material to Induce Bacterial Resistance, Virulence and Pathogenicity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Proteomic remodeling of outer membrane vesicles in antibiotic-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Fluconazole tolerance is associated with altered extracellular vesicle-mediated epithelial immune responses inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Porin-Independent Uptake of Small Molecule Antibiotics Facilitated by Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Vesicles.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Cooperative antibiotic resistance in bacteria: beyond biofilms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- A One Health perspective on bacterial extracellular vesicles as mediators of antimicrobial resistance spread.ISME communications · 2026Article
- The role of the gut microbiome in antibiotic-driven antimicrobial resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The lipoprotein biosynthesis pathway: key to OXA-mediated carbapenem resistance inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Bacterial outer membrane vesicles: a novel target in mediating bacterial infection and host immune responses.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii strains to carbapenems is a worrying problem in hospital settings. The main mechanism of carbapenem resistance is the expression of β-lactamases (metalloenzymes or class D enzymes). The mechanisms of the dissemination of these genes among A. baumannii strains are not fully understood. In this study we used two carbapenem-resistant clinical strains of A. baumannii (AbH12O-A2 and AbH12O-CU3) expressing the plasmid-borne bla(OXA-24) gene (plasmids pMMA2 and pMMCU3, respectively) to demonstrate that A. baumannii releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during in vitro growth. The use of hybridization studies enabled us to show that these OMVs harbored the bla(OXA-24) gene. The incubation of these OMVs with the carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii ATCC 17978 host strain yielded full resistance to carbapenems. The presence of the original plasmids harboring the bla(OXA-24) gene was detected in strain ATCC 17978 after the transformation of OMVs. New OMVs harboring bla(OXA-24) were released by A. baumannii ATCC 17978 after it was transformed with the original OMV-mediated plasmids, indicating the universality of the process. We present the first experimental evidence that clinical isolates of A. baumannii may release OMVs as a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer whereby carbapenem resistance genes are delivered to surrounding A. baumannii bacterial isolates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.