ArticleGenetics2011
A key temporal delay in the circadian cycle of Drosophila is mediated by a nuclear localization signal in the timeless protein.
Article in Genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Splicing of a core circadian clock gene regulates seasonal adaptations by a winter gating mechanism.Science advances · 2026Article
- Rhythmic nuclear import mediated by importins regulates the Neurospora circadian clock.Genetics · 2026Article
- Post-Translational Modifications in Animal Circadian Clocks.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Chemical biology approaches to study and target circadian clocks and their components.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Rhythmic Nuclear Import Mediated by Importins Regulates thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Splicing of a core clock gene regulates seasonal adaptations by a winter gating mechanism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Coevolution ofiScience · 2025Article
- CLOCK and TIMELESS regulate rhythmic occupancy of the BRAHMA chromatin-remodeling protein at clock gene promoters.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Evolution of casein kinase 1 and functional analysis of newFrontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- CK2 Inhibits TIMELESS Nuclear Export and Modulates CLOCK Transcriptional Activity to Regulate Circadian Rhythms.Current biology : CB · 2021Article
- Analysis of the circadian transcriptome of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- PERIOD-controlled deadenylation of theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- NewFrontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Spliceosome factors target timeless (eLife · 2018Article
- Article
- Potential Chronotherapeutic Optimization of Antimalarials in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression Dependent on the Circadian Cycle in Humans?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Molecular modulators of the circadian clock: lessons from flies and mice.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2017Review
- GSK-3 and CK2 Kinases Converge on Timeless to Regulate the Master Clock.Cell reports · 2016Article
- Drosophila TIM binds importin α1, and acts as an adapter to transport PER to the nucleus.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- Speed control: cogs and gears that drive the circadian clock.Trends in neurosciences · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Regulated nuclear entry of the Period (PER) and Timeless (TIM) proteins, two components of the Drosophila circadian clock, is essential for the generation and maintenance of circadian behavior. PER and TIM shift from the cytoplasm to the nucleus daily, and the length of time that PER and TIM reside in the cytoplasm is an important determinant of the period length of the circadian rhythm. Here we identify a TIM nuclear localization signal (NLS) that is required for appropriately timed nuclear accumulation of both TIM and PER. Transgenic flies with a mutated TIM NLS produced circadian rhythms with a period of ∼30 hr. In pacemaker cells of the brain, PER and TIM proteins rise to abnormally high levels in the cytoplasm of tim(ΔNLS) mutants, but show substantially reduced nuclear accumulation. In cultured S2 cells, the mutant TIM(ΔNLS) protein significantly delays nuclear accumulation of both TIM and wild-type PER proteins. These studies confirm that TIM is required for the nuclear localization of PER and point to a key role for the TIM NLS in the regulated nuclear accumulation of both proteins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.