ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2011
Stimulant adherence and academic performance in urban youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medication adherence and persistence in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a systematic review and qualitative update.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Adherence, frequency, and long-term follow-up of video game-based treatments in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review.Brain and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Video games for the assessment and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Cancellation of outpatient appointments in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Risks and Benefits of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication on Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A Qualitative Review of Pharmacoepidemiology Studies Using Linked Prescription Databases.Biological psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Working memory capacity predicts effects of methylphenidate on reversal learning.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Academic Outcomes in Primary and Secondary School Students Prescribed Long-Acting Stimulants for ADHD Management.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- A mobile device-based game prototype for ADHD: development and preliminary feasibility testing.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- ADHD prescription patterns and medication adherence in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban academic setting.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Examining daily stimulant medication use and sleep in adolescents with ADHD.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Developing Serious Video Games to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Tutorial Guide.JMIR serious games · 2022Article
- Finding the "Sweet Spot": Sharing the decision-making in ADHD treatment selection.Annals of general psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Use of Mobile Games in the Management of Patients With Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Risk factors for low adherence to methylphenidate treatment in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Methylphenidate in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Long-Term Follow up Naturalistic Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Impact of personality on adherence to and beliefs about ADHD medication, and perceptions of ADHD in adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, School Performance, and Effect of Medication.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2019Article
- Association Between Medication Use and Performance on Higher Education Entrance Tests in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.JAMA psychiatry · 2017Article
- Beliefs regarding medication and side effects influence treatment adherence in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2017Article
- Methylphenidate use and school performance among primary school children: a descriptive study.BMC psychiatry · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis analysis assessed whether stimulant adherence was associated with improvement in academic grade point average (GPA) among children diagnosed with and treated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
methodMedicaid claims were merged with academic records from Philadelphia public schools of Medicaid-eligible children in first through eighth grades who were diagnosed with ADHD and who had filled one or more stimulant prescription. Students diagnosed with mental retardation, autism, or speech, hearing, visual, or language impairments were excluded. Marking periods were scored for GPA (range: 0-4.0) based on English, mathematics, social studies, and science grades and for stimulant adherence (medication possession ratio ≥ 0.70). Random and fixed-effects models estimated the effects of stimulant adherence on GPA, between all adherent and nonadherent marking periods in aggregate and within individual student's marking periods, respectively.
resultsA total of 3,543 students contributed 29,992 marking periods, of which 18.6% were adherent. Mean GPA was significantly higher during stimulant-adherent (2.18) than stimulant-nonadherent (1.99) marking periods in aggregate (p < .0001). The regression coefficient representing within-student association between stimulant adherence and GPA over time was 0.108 (p < .0001), indicating that adherence was associated with a 0.108 increase in GPA. In stratified analyses, analogous coefficients were 0.106 for boys, 0.111 for girls, 0.078 for elementary students, and 0.118 for middle school students (all p < .0001). The association was stronger among students with (0.139) than without (0.088) comorbid disruptive behavior disorders (both p < .0001).
conclusionsStimulant adherence, although found to be low among urban elementary and middle school students diagnosed with ADHD, was associated with a marginal improvement in GPA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.