ArticleBiomaterials2011
The optimization of polymalic acid peptide copolymers for endosomolytic drug delivery.
Article in Biomaterials, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nano-Polymers as Cas9 Inhibitors.Polymers · 2025Article
- Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Polymalic acid for translational nanomedicine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Small-Sized Co-Polymers for Targeted Delivery of Multiple Imaging and Therapeutic Agents.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Multifunctional Nanopolymers for Blood-Brain Barrier Delivery and Inhibition of Glioblastoma Growth through EGFR/EGFRvIII, c-Myc, and PD-1.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Biosynthetic Polymalic Acid as a Delivery Nanoplatform for Translational Cancer Medicine.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2021Review
- Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Polymer nanomedicines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Review
- Polymalic acid chlorotoxin nanoconjugate for near-infrared fluorescence guided resection of glioblastoma multiforme.Biomaterials · 2019Article
- A Combination of Tri-Leucine and Angiopep-2 Drives a Polyanionic Polymalic Acid Nanodrug Platform Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.ACS nano · 2019Article
- Covalent nano delivery systems for selective imaging and treatment of brain tumors.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2017Review
- Economic co-production of poly(malic acid) and pullulan from Jerusalem artichoke tuber by Aureobasidium pullulans HA-4D.BMC biotechnology · 2017Article
- Polymalic Acid Tritryptophan Copolymer Interacts with Lipid Membrane Resulting in Membrane Solubilization.Journal of nanomaterials · 2017Article
- Journey to the Center of the Cell: Current Nanocarrier Design Strategies Targeting Biopharmaceuticals to the Cytoplasm and Nucleus.Current pharmaceutical design · 2016Review
- Quantitative analysis of PMLA nanoconjugate components after backbone cleavage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Article
- The effect of Tween 80 on the polymalic acid and pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans CCTCC M2012223.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2015Article
- Toxicity and efficacy evaluation of multiple targeted polymalic acid conjugates for triple-negative breast cancer treatment.Journal of drug targeting · 2013Article
- Polymalic acid nanobioconjugate for simultaneous immunostimulation and inhibition of tumor growth in HER2/neu-positive breast cancer.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2013Article
- Nanotechnology in corneal neovascularization therapy--a review.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2013Review
- Distinct mechanisms of membrane permeation induced by two polymalic acid copolymers.Biomaterials · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Membranolytic macromolecules are promising vehicles for cytoplasmic drug delivery, but their efficiency and safety remains primary concerns. To address those concerns, membranolytic properties of various poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMLA) copolymers were extensively investigated as a function of concentration and pH. PMLA, a naturally occurring biodegradable polymer, acquires membranolytic activities after substitution of pendent carboxylates with hydrophobic amino acid derivatives. Ruled by hydrophobization and charge neutralization, membranolysis of PMLA copolymers increased as a function of polymer molecular weight and demonstrated a maximum with 50% substitution of carboxylates. Charge neutralization was achieved either conditionally by pH-dependent protonation or permanently by masking carboxylates. Membranolysis of PMLA copolymers containing tripeptides of leucine, tryptophan and phenylalanine were pH-dependent in contrast to pH-independent copolymers of Leucine ethyl ester and Leu-Leu-Leu-NH(2) with permanent charge neutralization. PMLA and tripeptides seemed a unique combination for pH-dependent membranolysis. In contrast to nontoxic pH-dependent PMLA copolymers, pH-independent copolymers were found toxic at high concentration, which is ascribed to their nonspecific disruption of plasma membrane at physiological pH. pH-Dependent copolymers were membranolytically active only at acidic pH typical of maturating endosomes, and are thus devoid of cytotoxicity. The PMLA tripeptide copolymers are useful for safe and efficient cytoplasmic delivery routed through endosome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.