ArticleVirology journal2011
Identification of new, emerging HIV-1 unique recombinant forms and drug resistant viruses circulating in Cameroon.
Article in Virology journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Article
- Challenges faced by the HIV testing system in low- and middle-income countries.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2023Article
- New infections and HIV-1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors in Oyo State, Nigeria.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- Identification, Genetic Characterization and Validation of Highly Diverse HIV-1 Viruses for Reference Panel Development.Viruses · 2021Article
- Near full genome characterization of HIV-1 unique recombinant forms in Cameroon reveals dominant CRF02_AG and F2 recombination patterns.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Article
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- Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Virus in Puerto Rico: Novel Cases of HIV-1 Subtype C, D, and CRF-24BG.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Distinctive variation in the U3R region of the 5' Long Terminal Repeat from diverse HIV-1 strains.PloS one · 2018Article
- Article
- Rev-RRE Functional Activity Differs Substantially Among Primary HIV-1 Isolates.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2016Article
- Article
- Development of a contemporary globally diverse HIV viral panel by the EQAPOL program.Journal of immunological methods · 2014Article
- The evolution of HIV-1 group M genetic variability in Southern Cameroon is characterized by several emerging recombinant forms of CRF02_AG and viruses with drug resistance mutations.Journal of medical virology · 2014Article
- Article
- Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 in HIV-1 infected and uninfected individuals in Cameroon.Viruses · 2013Article
- Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic.Virology journal · 2013Article
- CRF22_01A1 is involved in the emergence of new HIV-1 recombinants in Cameroon.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe HIV epidemic in Cameroon is characterized by a high degree of viral genetic diversity with circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) being predominant. The goal of our study was to determine recent trends in virus evolution and emergence of drug resistance in blood donors and HIV positive patients. METHODOLOGY: Blood specimens of 73 individuals were collected from three cities and a few villages in Cameroon and viruses were isolated by co-cultivation with PBMCs. Nested PCR was performed for gag p17 (670 bp) pol (840 bp) and Env gp41 (461 bp) genes. Sequences were phylogenetically analyzed using a reference set of sequences from the Los Alamos database.
resultsPhylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences revealed that 65% (n = 48) of strains were CRF02_AG, 4% (n = 3) subtype F2, 1% each belonged to CRF06 (n = 1), CRF11 (n = 1), subtype G (n = 1), subtype D (n = 1), CRF22_01A1 (n = 1), and 26% (n = 18) were Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs). Most URFs contained CRF02_AG in one or two HIV gene fragments analyzed. Furthermore, pol sequences of 61 viruses revealed drug resistance in 55.5% of patients on therapy and 44% of drug naïve individuals in the RT and protease regions. Overall URFs that had a primary HIV subtype designation in the pol region showed higher HIV-1 p24 levels than other recombinant forms in cell culture based replication kinetics studies.
conclusionsOur results indicate that although CRF02_AG continues to be the predominant strain in Cameroon, phylogenetically the HIV epidemic is continuing to evolve as multiple recombinants of CRF02_AG and URFs were identified in the individuals studied. CRF02_AG recombinants that contained the pol region of a primary subtype showed higher replicative advantage than other variants. Identification of drug resistant strains in drug-naïve patients suggests that these viruses are being transmitted in the population studied. Our findings support the need for continued molecular surveillance in this region of West Central Africa and investigating impact of variants on diagnostics, viral load and drug resistance assays on an ongoing basis.
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