ArticleMolecular pharmacology2011
15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-glycerol ester, a putative metabolite of 2-arachidonyl glycerol, activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma.
Article in Molecular pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Dietary Fats.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- Application of PPAR Ligands and Nanoparticle Technology in Metabolic Steatohepatitis Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Synthesis and Metabolism at Neuronal Nuclear Matrix Fractions Derived from Adult Rat Brain Cortex.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Endocannabinoid-Binding Receptors as Drug Targets.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Review
- The role of PPARγ in chemotherapy-evoked pain.Neuroscience letters · 2021Review
- Review
- Relevance of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Multitarget Paradigm Associated with the Endocannabinoid System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Tonic Endocannabinoid Signaling Gates Synaptic Plasticity in Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Serotonin Neurons Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Harmaline Analogs as Substrate-Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2020Article
- New Insights Into Peptide Cannabinoids: Structure, Biosynthesis and Signaling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in Asthma.PPAR research · 2020Review
- The Protective Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Silencing carboxylesterase 1 in human THP-1 macrophages perturbs genes regulated by PPARγ/RXR and RAR/RXR: down-regulation of CYP27A1-LXRα signaling.The Biochemical journal · 2018Article
- Article
- An update on PPAR activation by cannabinoids.British journal of pharmacology · 2016Review
- Lipopolysaccharide suppresses carboxylesterase 2g activity and 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis: A possible mechanism to regulate inflammation.Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators · 2015Article
- Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Pax-8-PPAR-γ fusion protein in thyroid carcinoma.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous arachidonic acid derivative capable of suppressing interleukin (IL)-2 production by activated T cells. 2-AG-mediated IL-2 suppression is dependent on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) metabolism and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation. The objective of the present studies was to examine whether 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ(2)-glycerol ester (15d-PGJ(2)-G), a putative metabolite of 2-AG, can mimic the actions of 2-AG on IL-2 regulation through PPARγ activation. 15d-PGJ(2)-G bound PPARγ-ligand binding domain in a PPARγ competitive binding assay. 15d-PGJ(2)-G treatment activated PPARγ in a reporter assay, and PPARγ activation was attenuated when a PPARγ antagonist, 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-4-pyridinylbenzamide (T0070907), was present. 15d-PGJ(2)-G treatment suppressed IL-2 production by activated Jurkat cells, which was partially attenuated when pretreated with T0070907. Moreover, IL-2 suppression was pronounced when 15d-PGJ(2)-G was present 30 min before or after T-cell activation. Concordant with IL-2 suppression, 15d-PGJ(2)-G treatment decreased nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcriptional activity in transiently transfected Jurkat cells. It is noteworthy that T0070907 alone markedly increased NFAT reporter activity, suggesting the existence of endogenous PPARγ activation and modulation of NFAT. Because COX-2 metabolism of 2-AG is important for IL-2 suppression, the effect of 2-AG on COX-2 and PPARγ mRNA expression was investigated. 2-AG treatment decreased the up-regulation of COX-2 mRNA after T-cell activation, which suggests negative feedback limiting COX-2-mediated metabolism of 2-AG. PPARγ mRNA expression was increased upon activation, and 2-AG treatment produced a modest decrease in PPARγ mRNA expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that 15d-PGJ(2)-G activates PPARγ to decrease NFAT transcriptional activity and IL-2 expression in activated T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.