ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2011
Racial disparity in blood pressure: is vitamin D a factor?
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transethnic Evaluation Identifies Low-Frequency Loci Associated With 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Pooled it
- Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the effects of Angiotensin II receptor blocker on renal function among African Americans: A post hoc analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Trial
- Vitamin D and risk of hypertension among Black women.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Pregnancy as a Window to Racial Disparities in Hypertension.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2019Article
- Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition, and Metabolic Factors in Asian Indians: Results from the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Pilot Study.Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2018Article
- Evaluation of the Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Hypertension in Hamadan, Iran-A Case Control Study.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2017Article
- Does Vitamin D Deficiency Lead to Hypertension?Cureus · 2017Review
- Cardiorespiratory fitness in older adult women: relationships with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.Endocrine · 2014Article
- Serum vitamin D is low and inversely associated with LDL cholesterol in the Kazak ethnic population: a cross-sectional study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2014Article
- Potential pathophysiological role for the vitamin D deficiency in essential hypertension.World journal of cardiology · 2014Review
- Role of vitamin D receptor activation in racial disparities in kidney disease outcomes.Seminars in nephrology · 2013Review
- Relationship of vitamin D levels to blood pressure in a biethnic population.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2013Article
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Ethnic Differences in Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Function.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2012Article
- Essential hypertension: perspectives and future directions.Journal of hypertension · 2012Article
- Vitamin D as a mediator of racial differences in blood pressure.Journal of general internal medicine · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigher prevalence of hypertension among African Americans is a key cause of racial disparity in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Explanations for the difference in prevalence are incomplete. Emerging data suggest that low vitamin D levels may contribute.
objectiveTo assess the contribution of vitamin D to racial disparity in blood pressure.
designCross-sectional analysis.
participantsAdult non-Hispanic Black and White participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006. MEASURES: We assessed Black-White differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) controlling for conventional risk factors, and then additionally, for vitamin D (serum 25[OH]D).
resultsThe sample included 1984 and 5156 Black and White participants ages 20 years and older. The mean age-sex adjusted Black-White SBP difference was 5.2 mm Hg. This difference was reduced to 4.0 mm Hg with additional adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, health status, health care, health behaviors, and biomarkers; adding 25(OH)D reduced the race difference by 26% (95% CI 7-46%) to 2.9 mm Hg. This effect increased to 39% (95% CI 14-65%) when those on antihypertensive medications were excluded. Supplementary analyses that controlled for cardiovascular fitness, percent body fat, physical activity monitoring, skin type and social support yielded consistent results.
conclusionIn cross-sectional analyses, 25(OH)D explains one quarter of the Black-White disparity in SBP. Randomized controlled trials are required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation could reduce racial disparity in BP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.