ArticleDiabetologia2011
Sex-related differences in the long-term risk of microvascular complications by age at onset of type 1 diabetes.
Article in Diabetologia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific association between type 1 diabetes and the risk of end-stage renal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2020Pooled it
- Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2015 · on this mapTrial
- Clinical Risk Factors Differ by Sex for Kidney Complications but Not Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes: The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Cohort.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Related Chronic Kidney Disease among Adolescents and Young Adults, and Projections to 2035: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and diabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes in the United States: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Female Protection Against Diabetic Kidney Disease Is Regulated by Kidney-Specific AMPK Activity.Diabetes · 2024Article
- Chemokines in diabetic eye disease.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Role of sex hormones in diabetic nephropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Genetic and epigenetic background of diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Potential Plasma Metabolite Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy: Untargeted Metabolomics Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Intact mitochondrial substrate efflux is essential for prevention of tubular injury in a sex-dependent manner.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Gender Differences in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Focus on Hormonal, Genetic and Clinical Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Sex-related differences in diabetic kidney disease: A review on the mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2021Review
- Establishing equivalent diabetes in male and female Nos3-deficient mice results in a comparable onset of diabetic kidney injury.Physiological reports · 2019Article
- Cumulative Kidney Complication Risk by 50 Years of Type 1 Diabetes: The Effects of Sex, Age, and Calendar Year at Onset.Diabetes care · 2018Article
- Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Nephropathy 10 Years After Diagnosis in Taiwanese Children With Juvenile-Onset Type 1 Diabetes-A Cohort Study From the CGJDES.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Article
- Progress in Defining the Genetic Basis of Diabetic Complications.Current diabetes reports · 2017Review
- Incidence and Risk Factors for Developing Diabetic Retinopathy among Youths with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes throughout the United States.Ophthalmology · 2017Observational
- The Genetic Landscape of Renal Complications in Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2017Article
- [Sex- and gender-aspects in regard to clinical practice recommendations for pre-diabetes and diabetes].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThis study examined sex-related differences in the cumulative risk of proliferative retinopathy (PR) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) over 40 years of duration of type 1 diabetes according to age at diabetes onset.
methodsWe assessed 4,416 patients from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study population. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to provide cumulative incidence rates and Cox regression analyses for HRs.
resultsThere were no sex-related differences in the cumulative incidence of ESRD in patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between 0 to 4 and 5 to 9 years. Thereafter the risk started to diverge. The cumulative incidence of ESRD in patients diagnosed between 10 to 14 and ≥15 years was 17.4% (95% CI 13.4-21.2) and 13.0% (9.6-16.2) respectively in women, while in men it was 32.2% (28.0-36.1) and 24.6% (20.8-28.1) respectively. The respective HRs were (onset at 10 to 14 years) 1.9 (p < 0.0001) and (onset at ≥15 years) 1.8 (p < 0.001), respectively. There was no difference in the risk of PR between men and women diagnosed between 0 and 4 years of age, but progressive sex-related differences in the cumulative incidence of PR were observed with increasing age at onset. The HRs for men in the age-at-onset groups 5 to 9, 10 to 14 and ≥15 years of age were 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.6), 1.3 (1.1-1.6) and 2.1 (1.6-2.6) compared with women in these groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe difference between the sexes with regard to risk of diabetic microvascular complications is highly dependent on the age at onset of diabetes. The risk of ESRD and PR risk doubled in men compared with women when age at onset was ≥15 years.
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