ArticleObstetrics and gynecology2011
Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hormone therapy in postmenopausal women and risk of endometrial hyperplasia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Effects ofNutrients · 2024Trial
- Oral micronized progesterone for perimenopausal night sweats and hot flushes a Phase III Canada-wide randomized placebo-controlled 4 month trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- The severity of vasomotor symptoms and number of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women and select clinical health outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D randomized clinical trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- TX-001HR is associated with a clinically meaningful effect on severity of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in the REPLENISH trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- A multicenter, randomized study to select the minimum effective dose of estetrol (E4) in postmenopausal women (E4Relief): part 1. Vasomotor symptoms and overall safety.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Effect of Bazedoxifene and Conjugated Estrogen (Duavee) on Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers in High-Risk Women: A Pilot Study.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Trial
- Quality of life among postmenopausal women enrolled in the Minnesota Green Tea Trial.Maturitas · 2018Trial
- Behavioral weight loss for the management of menopausal hot flashes: a pilot study.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2015Trial
- Relapse of vasomotor symptoms after discontinuation of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram: results from the menopause strategies: finding lasting answers for symptoms and health research network.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2013Trial
- Progressive hypothalamic neuroinflammation in ovariectomized mice parallels aging-related transcriptomic changes in the female human hypothalamus.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Adverse childhood experiences, age at menopause, and vasomotor symptoms among mid-life Latine adults in California.Evolutionary human sciences · 2026Article
- Symptom severity clusters in myeloproliferative neoplasms are unrelated to disease phenotype: results from a multicenter survey of the East German study group for hematology and oncology (OSHO #97).Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Metabolic and transcriptional effects of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens in a model of obesity-associated breast cancer risk.JCI insight · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Women Experiencing Vasomotor Symptoms Across Reproductive Stages in the US.International journal of women's health · 2025Review
- Overcoming challenges in conducting early phase breast cancer prevention trials: Bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens vs waitlist control.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Comparing Cancer Risks and Mortality between Phytopharmaceuticals and Estrogen-Progestogen Medications for Menopausal Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Does everyday discrimination account for the increased risk of vasomotor symptoms in Black women?: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Hormones as Psychotropic Interventions in Females.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2024Article
- Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the duration of moderate-to-severe menopausal hot flushes and identify potential risk factors for hot flush duration.
methodsThe Penn Ovarian Aging Study cohort was monitored for 13 years. Hot flushes were evaluated at 9-month to 12-month intervals through in-person interviews. The primary outcome was the duration of moderate-to-severe hot flushes estimated by survival analysis (n=259). Potential risk factors included menopausal stage, age, race, reproductive hormone levels, body mass index (BMI), and current smoking. A secondary analysis included women who reported any hot flushes (n=349).
resultsThe median duration of moderate-to-severe hot flushes was 10.2 years and was strongly associated with menopausal stage at onset. Hot flushes that started near entry into the menopause transition had a median duration greater than 11.57 years; onset in the early transition stage had a median duration of 7.35 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.94-8.89; P<.001); and onset in the late transition to postmenopausal stages had a median duration of 3.84 years (95% CI 1.77-5.52; P<.001). The most common ages at onset of moderate-to-severe hot flushes were 45-49 years (median duration, 8.1 years; 95% CI 5.12-9.28). African American women had a longer duration of hot flushes than white women in adjusted analysis.
conclusionThe median duration of hot flushes considerably exceeded the timeframe that is generally accepted in clinical practice. The identified risk factors, particularly menopausal stage, race, and BMI, are important to consider in individualizing treatment and evaluating the risk-to-benefit ratio of hormones and other therapies.
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