ArticleBiomaterials2011
Effects of protein dose and delivery system on BMP-mediated bone regeneration.
Article in Biomaterials, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D printed scaffolds loaded with BMP-2 for bone defect regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Review
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) 9 Outperforms BMP2 in Osteogenesis and Osseointegration: In Vitro and In Vivo.Clinical implant dentistry and related research · 2026Article
- Modulating Integrin and Growth Factor Signaling With Peptides: Strategies to Synergistically Enhance Bone Tissue Regeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Vascularization and Bone Regeneration with 3D-Printed Composite Scaffolds in Rodent Critical-Size Calvarial Defects: Systematic Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Evaluating the Efficacy of Sequential Microimmunotherapy Medicine on Early and Established Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Rat Model.Journal of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Treatment of femoral defects in rats with collagen and elastin polymers combined with hydroxyapatite and bone morphogenetic protein.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Anatomical implant region - a critical determinant for the osteogenic potency of small extracellular vesicles and rhBMP-2.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Article
- Application and Progress of Loading Strategies in Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Modern Approaches and Emerging Biological Therapies to Treat Fracture Nonunion.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Low-Dose Bone Morphogenetic Protein Use in Spinal Fusion : Rethinking Clinical Efficacy.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2025Article
- Melt Electrowritten Scaffold-Reinforced Affibody-Conjugated Hydrogels for Controlled Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Delivery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Divide-and-conquer strategy with engineered ossification center organoids for rapid bone healing through developmental cell recruitment.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Bone regeneration using moldable calcium phosphate with and without recombinant human BMP-2 in a rabbit critical-sized metaphyseal core defect model.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Bone fusion materials: past, present, and future.Asian spine journal · 2025Article
- Rapidly Polymerizing Click Hydrogel Provides Localized Delivery of rhBMP2 to Promote Bone Formation.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Article
- Enhancement of In Vivo Bone Regeneration by the Carbohydrate Derivative DP2.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nanoclay gels attenuate BMP2-associated inflammation and promote chondrogenesis to enhance BMP2-spinal fusion.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Synthetic Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Oral Disease Therapy: Current Applications and Future Directions.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Delivery of recombinant proteins is a proven therapeutic strategy to promote endogenous repair mechanisms and tissue regeneration. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been used to promote spinal fusion and repair of challenging bone defects; however, the current clinically-used carrier, absorbable collagen sponge, requires high doses and has been associated with adverse complications. We evaluated the hypothesis that the relationship between protein dose and regenerative efficacy depends on delivery system. First, we determined the dose-response relationship for rhBMP-2 delivered to 8-mm rat bone defects in a hybrid nanofiber mesh/alginate delivery system at six doses ranging from 0 to 5 μg. Next, we directly compared the hybrid delivery system to the collagen sponge at 0.1 and 1.0 μg. Finally, we compared the in vivo protein release properties of the two delivery methods. In the hybrid delivery system, bone volume, connectivity and mechanical properties increased in a dose-dependent manner to rhBMP-2. Consistent bridging of the defect was observed for doses of 1.0 μg and greater. Compared to collagen sponge delivery at the same 1.0 μg dose, the hybrid system yielded greater connectivity by week 4 and 2.5-fold greater bone volume by week 12. These differences may be explained by the significantly greater protein retention in the hybrid system compared to collagen sponge. This study demonstrates a clear dose-dependent effect of rhBMP-2 delivered using a hybrid nanofiber mesh/alginate delivery system. Furthermore, the effective dose was found to vary with delivery system, demonstrating the importance of biomaterial carrier properties in the delivery of recombinant proteins.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.