ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2011
Indications of Th1 and Th17 responses in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis: a large retrospective study.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-molecular-weight-heparin increases Th1- and Th17-associated chemokine levels during pregnancy in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: a randomised controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Doxycycline-mediated effects on persistent symptoms and systemic cytokine responses post-neuroborreliosis: a randomized, prospective, cross-over study.BMC infectious diseases · 2012Trial
- Mostly getting along -Borrelia burgdorferi and its manipulation of the host immune system.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Biomarkers of Lyme neuroborreliosis: a systematic review.Infection · 2026Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid protein profiling of inflammatory and neurobiological markers in Lyme neuroborreliosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Modulation of Macrophage Redox and Apoptotic Processes toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Intrathecal Th17-driven inflammation is associated with prolonged post-treatment convalescence for patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Immunological effects of anti-coagulant unfractionated heparin in pregnant Chinese women with cryptic recurrent miscarriages.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2023Article
- Unique Clinical, Immune, and Genetic Signature in Patients with Borrelial MeningoradiculoneuritisEmerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- IL-26 mediated human cell activation and antimicrobial activity againstCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Advances in Biomarker-Guided Therapy for Pediatric- and Adult-Onset Neuroinflammatory Disorders: Targeting Chemokines/Cytokines.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- T-Helper 17 Cell Cytokine Responses in Lyme Disease Correlate With Borrelia burgdorferi Antibodies During Early Infection and With Autoantibodies Late in the Illness in Patients With Antibiotic-Refractory Lyme Arthritis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- The Potential of Omics Technologies in Lyme Disease Biomarker Discovery and Early Detection.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2017Review
- Intrathecal Th17- and B cell-associated cytokine and chemokine responses in relation to clinical outcome in Lyme neuroborreliosis: a large retrospective study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2017Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in Lyme neuroborreliosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
- CXCL13, CXCL10 and CXCL8 as Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Neurosyphilis Patients.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Autophagy suppresses host adaptive immune responses toward Borrelia burgdorferi.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2016Article
- A destructive feedback loop mediated by CXCL10 in central nervous system inflammatory disease.Annals of neurology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies indicate that successful resolution of Lyme neuroborreliosis (NB) is associated with a strong T helper (Th) 1-type cytokine response in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) followed by a down-regulating Th2 response, whereas the role of the recently discovered Th17 cytokine response is unknown.
methodsTo investigate the relative contribution of different Th associated cytokine/chemokine responses, we used a multiple bead array to measure the levels of CXCL10 (Th1 marker), CCL22 (Th2 marker), IL-17 (Th17 marker) and CXCL8 (general inflammation marker), in serum and in CSF from untreated patients with confirmed NB (n = 133), and non-NB patients (n = 96), and related the findings to clinical data. Samples from patients with possible early NB (n = 15) and possible late NB (n = 19) were also analysed, as well as samples from an additional control group with orthopaedic patients (n = 17), where CSF was obtained at spinal anaesthesia.
resultsThe most prominent differences across groups were found in the CSF. IL-17 was elevated in CSF in 49% of the patients with confirmed NB, but was not detectable in the other groups. Patients with confirmed NB and possible early NB had significantly higher CSF levels of CXCL10, CCL22 and CXCL8 compared to both the non-NB group and the control group (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Patients in the early NB group, showing a short duration of symptoms, had lower CCL22 levels in CSF than did the confirmed NB group (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, patients within the confirmed NB group showing a duration of symptoms <2 weeks, tended to have lower CCL22 levels in CSF than did those with longer symptom duration (p = 0.023). Cytokine/chemokine levels were not correlated with clinical parameters or to levels of anti-Borrelia-antibodies.
conclusionOur results support the notion that early NB is dominated by a Th1-type response, eventually accompanied by a Th2 response. Interestingly, IL-17 was increased exclusively in CSF from patients with confirmed NB, suggesting a hitherto unknown role for Th17 in NB. However, for conclusive evidence, future prospective studies are needed.
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