ArticleJournal of anatomy2011
Hindlimb muscle architecture in non-human great apes and a comparison of methods for analysing inter-species variation.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional Differences in Muscle Architecture Across the Pelvis and Hind Limb of Primates.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Uncovering Sexual Differences in the External Morphology, Appendicular Muscles, and Internal Organs of a Fossorial Narrow-Mouth Frog (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Muscle architectural properties indicate a primary role in support for the pelvic limb of three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus).Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Exploring the effects of skeletal architecture and muscle properties on bipedal standing in the common chimpanzee (Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- From fibre to function: are we accurately representing muscle architecture and performance?Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2022Review
- Variation, mosaicism and degeneracy in the hominin foot.Evolutionary human sciences · 2022Review
- An Identical Twin Study on Human Achilles Tendon Adaptation: Regular Recreational Exercise at Comparatively Low Intensities Can Increase Tendon Stiffness.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Trabecular architecture of the great ape and human femoral head.Journal of anatomy · 2019Article
- Segmental morphometrics of bonobos (Pan paniscus): are they really different from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?Journal of anatomy · 2018Article
- The gibbon's Achilles tendon revisited: consequences for the evolution of the great apes?Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Article
- Multivariate analysis of variations in intrinsic foot musculature among hominoids.Journal of anatomy · 2018Article
- Foot strength and stiffness are related to footwear use in a comparison of minimally- vs. conventionally-shod populations.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A 3D musculoskeletal model of the western lowland gorilla hind limb: moment arms and torque of the hip, knee and ankle.Journal of anatomy · 2017Article
- Exploring morphological generality in the Old World monkey postcranium using an ecomorphological framework.Journal of anatomy · 2016Article
- The hominins: a very conservative tribe? Last common ancestors, plasticity and ecomorphology in Hominidae. Or, What's in a name?Journal of anatomy · 2016Review
- Architecture and functional ecology of the human gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit.Journal of anatomy · 2016Review
- Comparative functional anatomy of the epaxial musculature of dogs (Canis familiaris) bred for sprinting vs. fighting.Journal of anatomy · 2014Article
- In vivo baseline measurements of hip joint range of motion in suspensory and nonsuspensory anthropoids.American journal of physical anthropology · 2014Article
- Interspecific scaling patterns of talar articular surfaces within primates and their closest living relatives.Journal of anatomy · 2014Article
- Three-dimensional moment arms and architecture of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) leg musculature.Journal of anatomy · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
By relating an animal's morphology to its functional role and the behaviours performed, we can further develop our understanding of the selective factors and constraints acting on the adaptations of great apes. Comparison of muscle architecture between different ape species, however, is difficult because only small sample sizes are ever available. Further, such samples are often comprised of different age-sex classes, so studies have to rely on scaling techniques to remove body mass differences. However, the reliability of such scaling techniques has been questioned. As datasets increase in size, more reliable statistical analysis may eventually become possible. Here we employ geometric and allometric scaling techniques, and ancovas (a form of general linear model, GLM) to highlight and explore the different methods available for comparing functional morphology in the non-human great apes. Our results underline the importance of regressing data against a suitable body size variable to ascertain the relationship (geometric or allometric) and of choosing appropriate exponents by which to scale data. ancova models, while likely to be more robust than scaling for species comparisons when sample sizes are high, suffer from reduced power when sample sizes are low. Therefore, until sample sizes are radically increased it is preferable to include scaling analyses along with ancovas in data exploration. Overall, the results obtained from the different methods show little significant variation, whether in muscle belly mass, fascicle length or physiological cross-sectional area between the different species. This may reflect relatively close evolutionary relationships of the non-human great apes; a universal influence on morphology of generalised orthograde locomotor behaviours or, quite likely, both.
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