ArticleGenes & nutrition2012
Why tocotrienols work better: insights into the in vitro anti-cancer mechanism of vitamin E.
Article in Genes & nutrition, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bevacizumab and Tocotrienol in Recurrent Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer, and the Role of HOXA9 as a Prognostic Biomarker.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Revisiting the therapeutic potential of tocotrienol.BioFactors (Oxford, England) · 2022Review
- Tocotrienols as an Anti-Breast Cancer Agent.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Tissue Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation Are Related to Dietary Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Acids: A Rabbit Model.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Tocotrienol Supplementation Led to Higher Serum Levels of Lysophospholipids but Lower Acylcarnitines in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Tocotrienols Modulate a Life or Death Decision in Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Targeting myomiRs by tocotrienol-rich fraction to promote myoblast differentiation.Genes & nutrition · 2018Article
- Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction from Rice Bran Demonstrates Potent Radiation Protection Activity.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2015Article
- Tocotrienol-rich fraction, [6]-gingerol and epigallocatechin gallate inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of glioma cancer cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Article
- Gamma-tocotrienol and hydroxy-chavicol synergistically inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human glioma cells.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2014Article
- Tocotrienols promote apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by inducing poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B activity.Cell proliferation · 2013Article
- Plants vs. cancer: a review on natural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers and their druggability.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2012Review
- Vitamin E-derived copolymers continue the challenge to hemodialysis biomaterials.World journal of nephrology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The selective constraint of liver uptake and the sustained metabolism of tocotrienols (T3) demonstrate the need for a prompt detoxification of this class of lipophilic vitamers, and thus the potential for cytotoxic effects in hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues. Hypomethylated (γ and δ) forms of T3 show the highest in vitro and in vivo metabolism and are also the most potent natural xenobiotics of the entire vitamin E family of compounds. These stimulate a stress response with the induction of detoxification and antioxidant genes. Depending on the intensity of this response, these genes may confer cell protection or alternatively they stimulate a senescence-like phenotype with cell cycle inhibition or even mitochondrial toxicity and apoptosis. In cancer cells, the uptake rate and thus the cell content of these vitamers is again higher for the hypomethylated forms, and it is the critical factor that drives the dichotomy between protection and toxicity responses to different T3 forms and doses. These aspects suggest the potential for marked biological activity of hypomethylated "highly metabolized" T3 that may result in cytoprotection and cancer prevention or even chemotherapeutic effects. Cytotoxicity and metabolism of hypomethylated T3 have been extensively investigated in vitro using different cell model systems that will be discussed in this review paper as regard molecular mechanisms and possible relevance in cancer therapy.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.