ArticleCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2011
Hormonal factors and risks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in postmenopausal women.
Article in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Sex Hormone Levels and Survival in Men With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Younger women with esophageal carcinoma exhibit improved prognosis after esophagectomy: a single-center, high-volume cohort study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes of Esophageal Cancer: A Comparative Study in the Korean Population.The world journal of men's health · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinicopathological and genomic features of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in nondrinker, nonsmoker females.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- High Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in Women in Eritrea and Its Potential Link to Low Age at Menopause: Evidence from a 10-Year Retrospective Data Analysis.Journal of cancer epidemiology · 2024Article
- Late age at first birth is a protective factor for oesophageal cancer and gastro-oesophageal reflux: the evidence from the genetic study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Sex differences in esophageal cancer overall and by histological subtype.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Construction and validation of a nomogram for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A population study of 5,927 patients.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Global burden and epidemiology of Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Review
- Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Young Female Patient With Durable Complete Response on Treatment.Cureus · 2021Article
- Chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma.Gastroenterology report · 2020Review
- Anthropometric and reproductive factors and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.International journal of cancer · 2020Article
- Interaction of Estradiol and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Development of Esophageal Carcinoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Article
- Interactive decision support for esophageal adenocarcinoma screening and surveillance.BMC gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Nimotuzumab Plus Paclitaxel and Cisplatin as a 1Journal of Cancer · 2019Article
- Esophageal cancer genetics in South Africa.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2019Review
- Selective oestrogen receptor antagonists inhibit oesophageal cancer cell proliferation in vitro.BMC cancer · 2018Article
- Epidemiology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Gastroenterology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The incidences of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are higher in males than in females. We investigated whether female-related hormonal factors are associated with risks of these two types of esophageal cancer. We examined the association between use of hormone therapy (HT) and the risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma and SCC in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials and observational studies. Twenty-three esophageal adenocarcinoma and 34 esophageal SCC cases were confirmed among the 161,080 participants, after a median of 11.82 years of follow-up. Risk of esophageal SCC was lower among HT users (past users: HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06-1.10 in 2 cases; current users: HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18-0.94 in 9 cases). A decreased esophageal SCC risk was observed for current users of estrogen plus progestin (E+P) therapy (HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07-0.86 in 3 cases) but not for current users of estrogen-only therapy (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.28-3.29 in 6 cases). No association was observed between the use of HT and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. No other reproductive or hormonal factors were significantly associated with the risk of either SCC or adenocarcinoma. Current use of E+P therapy was found to be associated with a decreased risk of esophageal SCC, but no association was observed with esophageal adenocarcinoma. To provide more definitive evidence, a pooled analysis of all available studies or a much larger study would be needed.
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Registered trials
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