ArticleTobacco control2011
Analysis of metals leached from smoked cigarette litter.
Article in Tobacco control, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Filtering Smoke, Polluting Water: Cellulose Acetate Cigarette Filters as a Rapid Source of Tobacco-Derived Chemicals.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- The association of multiple whole blood metals with hypertension prevalence and blood pressure among general Chinese adults.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Chemical characterization and bioactivity of cigarette butt extract as oviposition deterrent and larvicide against Aedes aegypti.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Disposal practices of cigarettes and electronic nicotine products among adults, findings from Wave 6 (2021) of the PATH Study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Quality variations of leachate resulting from cigarette filter recycling as a challenge for its management.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Leached Compounds from Smoked Cigarettes and Their Potential for Bioaccumulation in Rainbow Trout (Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- (Micro)Plastics Are Toxic Pollutants.Toxics · 2023Review
- Influence of Weathering on the Degradation of Cellulose Acetate Microplastics Obtained from Used Cigarette Butts.Polymers · 2023Article
- Spatial and temporal variation of CBPI and leakage of heavy metals from cigarette butts into the urban environment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Chemical Elements, Flavor Chemicals, and Nicotine in Unused and Used Electronic Cigarettes Aged 5-10 Years and Effects of pH.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Modelling the global economic costs of tobacco product waste.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Article
- Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors about Cigarette-Butt Littering among College-Aged Adults in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effect of cigarette butt on concentration of heavy metals in landfill leachate: health and ecological risk assessment.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2021Article
- Toxicity of cigarette butts and possible recycling solutions-a literature review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
- Impact of cigarette butts on bacterial community structure in soil.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Article
- No Butts on the Beach: Aquatic Toxicity of Cigarette Butt Leachate Chemicals.Tobacco regulatory science · 2021Article
- Study of littered wastes in different urban land-uses: An 6 environmental status assessment.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2020Article
- Genotoxicity and phytotoxicity comparison of cigarette butt with cigarette ash.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLittered cigarette butts represent potential point sources for environmental contamination. In areas with substantial amounts of cigarette litter, environmental hazards may arise as chemical components are leached from the filters and smoked tobacco.
objectiveThe three main aims of this study were: (1) to quantify the amount of Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Sr, Ti and Zn leached from cigarette butts, (2) to determine the relationship between the pH of the aqueous soaking solution and metal concentration leached and (3) to determine the relationship between the period of soaking in aqueous solution and metal concentration leached.
methodsSmoked cigarette butts and unsmoked cigarettes were added to phials containing aqueous solutions of pH 4.00, 5.00 and 6.00 (± 0.05). The metal concentration of the resultant leachates was measured via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) 1 day, 7 days and 34 days after sample addition.
resultsAll metals were detected in leachates 1 day after sample addition (with the exception of Cd) and were released at varying rates. No clear relationship between pH within the range typical of precipitation and metal concentration leached was observed.
conclusionsBased on the gradual release of multiple metals over the full 34-day study period, cigarette litter was found to be a point source for metal contamination. The apparent rapid leaching of other metals may increase the risk of acute harm to local organisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.