ArticleTobacco control2011
Social responsibility in tobacco production? Tobacco companies' use of green supply chains to obscure the real costs of tobacco farming.
Article in Tobacco control, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The vector of the tobacco epidemic: tobacco industry practices in low and middle-income countries.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2012Pooled it
- Independent companies in the tobacco supply chain: transparency and environmental social governance.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Global disease burden analysis of Cardiometabolic disease attributable to second-hand smoke exposure from 1990 to 2040.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- New image, same tactics: global tobacco and vaping industry strategies to promote youth vaping.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- The Global Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Attributable to Tobacco: A Secondary Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Environmental effect of smoking cessation.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2021Article
- The environmental externalities of tobacco manufacturing: A review of tobacco industry reporting.Ambio · 2020Review
- Memoranda of understanding: a tobacco industry strategy to undermine illicit tobacco trade policies.Tobacco control · 2019Article
- Child Labor in Global Tobacco Production: A Human Rights Approach to an Enduring Dilemma.Health and human rights · 2018Article
- Occupational health: a world of false promises.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2018Article
- The flip side of Natural American Spirit: corporate social responsibility advertising.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- African media coverage of tobacco industry corporate social responsibility initiatives.Global public health · 2018Article
- From Colonization to Globalization: A history of state capture by the tobacco industry in Malawi.Review of African political economy · 2018Article
- Tobacco growing and the sustainable development goals, Malawi.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2017Article
- The importance of continued engagement during the implementation phase of tobacco control policies in a middle-income country: the case of Costa Rica.Tobacco control · 2017Article
- Rhetoric and the law, or the law of rhetoric: How countries oppose novel tobacco control measures at the World Trade Organization.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2016Article
- Shared vision, shared vulnerability: A content analysis of corporate social responsibility information on tobacco industry websites.Preventive medicine · 2016Article
- The environmental and health impacts of tobacco agriculture, cigarette manufacture and consumption.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2015Article
- Implementation of graphic health warning labels on tobacco products in India: the interplay between the cigarette and the bidi industries.Tobacco control · 2015Article
- Tobacco control and tobacco farming in African countries.Journal of public health policy · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTobacco companies have come under increased criticism because of environmental and labour practices related to growing tobacco in developing countries.
methodsAnalysis of tobacco industry documents, industry websites and interviews with tobacco farmers in Tanzania and tobacco farm workers, farm authorities, trade unionists, government officials and corporate executives from global tobacco leaf companies in Malawi.
resultsBritish American Tobacco and Philip Morris created supply chains in the 1990 s to improve production efficiency, control, access to markets and profits. In the 2000s, the companies used their supply chains in an attempt to legitimise their portrayals of tobacco farming as socially and environmentally friendly, rather than take meaningful steps to eliminate child labour and reduce deforestation in developing countries. The tobacco companies used nominal self-evaluation (not truly independent evaluators) and public relations to create the impression of social responsibility. The companies benefit from $1.2 billion in unpaid labour costs because of child labour and more than $64 million annually in costs that would have been made to avoid tobacco-related deforestation in the top 12 tobacco growing developing countries, far exceeding the money they spend nominally working to change these practices.
conclusionsThe tobacco industry uses green supply chains to make tobacco farming in developing countries appear sustainable while continuing to purchase leaf produced with child labour and high rates of deforestation. Strategies to counter green supply chain schemes include securing implementing protocols for the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to regulate the companies' practices at the farm level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.