ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2011
Embryonic toxin expression in the cone snail Conus victoriae: primed to kill or divergent function?
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Profiling the Paralytic Effects and Lethality of Cone Snail Venom Toxins Using Nanofractionation Analytics withToxins · 2025Article
- Coordinated adaptations define the ontogenetic shift from worm- to fish-hunting in a venomous cone snail.Nature communications · 2023Article
- α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Marine Origin Ligands of Nicotinic Receptors: Low Molecular Compounds, Peptides and Proteins for Fundamental Research and Practical Applications.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- A novel α-conopeptide Eu1.6 inhibits N-type (CaScientific reports · 2018Article
- Divergence of the Venom Exogene Repertoire in Two Sister Species of Turriconus.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Comparison of the Venom Peptides and Their Expression in Closely Related Conus Species: Insights into Adaptive Post-speciation Evolution of Conus Exogenomes.Genome biology and evolution · 2015Article
- High conopeptide diversity in Conus tribblei revealed through analysis of venom duct transcriptome using two high-throughput sequencing platforms.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2015Article
- A Polychaete's powerful punch: venom gland transcriptomics of Glycera reveals a complex cocktail of toxin homologs.Genome biology and evolution · 2014Article
- Article
- Modulation of conotoxin structure and function is achieved through a multienzyme complex in the venom glands of cone snails.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Analgesic conotoxins: block and G protein-coupled receptor modulation of N-type (Ca(V) 2.2) calcium channels.British journal of pharmacology · 2012Review
- ConoServer: updated content, knowledge, and discovery tools in the conopeptide database.Nucleic acids research · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Predatory marine cone snails (genus Conus) utilize complex venoms mainly composed of small peptide toxins that target voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels in their prey. Although the venoms of a number of cone snail species have been intensively profiled and functionally characterized, nothing is known about the initiation of venom expression at an early developmental stage. Here, we report on the expression of venom mRNA in embryos of Conus victoriae and the identification of novel α- and O-conotoxin sequences. Embryonic toxin mRNA expression is initiated well before differentiation of the venom gland, the organ of venom biosynthesis. Structural and functional studies revealed that the embryonic α-conotoxins exhibit the same basic three-dimensional structure as the most abundant adult toxin but significantly differ in their neurological targets. Based on these findings, we postulate that the venom repertoire of cone snails undergoes ontogenetic changes most likely reflecting differences in the biotic interactions of these animals with their prey, predators, or competitors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show toxin mRNA transcripts in embryos, a finding that extends our understanding of the early onset of venom expression in animals and may suggest alternative functions of peptide toxins during development.
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Registered trials
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