ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2011
The effect of enriched environment on the outcome of traumatic brain injury; a behavioral, proteomics, and histological study.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementation of active injury management (AIM) in youth with acute concussion: A randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Trial
- From Air to Brain: Environmental Nanoparticles as Modifiable Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental, Neurodegenerative, and Mental Disorders.ACS omega · 2026Review
- Restoring mitochondrial health after blast-induced traumatic brain injury: modifiable factors and therapeutic opportunities.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Review
- Supportive enriched environment improves recovery from persistent motor and cognitive impairments after severe traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Enhancing neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury: The role of adenosine kinase inhibition in promoting neuronal survival and differentiation.Experimental neurology · 2024Article
- Mapping dynamic molecular changes in hippocampal subregions after traumatic brain injury through spatial proteomics.Clinical proteomics · 2024Article
- The Neurovascular Unit as a Locus of Injury in Low-Level Blast-Induced Neurotrauma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- An enriched environment reduces hippocampal inflammatory response and improves cognitive function in a mouse model of stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- A biomechanical-based approach to scale blast-induced molecular changes in the brain.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Chronic effects of blast injury on the microvasculature in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease related Aβ amyloidosis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Article
- Blood-Based Biomarkers of Repetitive, Subconcussive Blast Overpressure Exposure in the Training Environment: A Pilot Study.Neurotrauma reports · 2022Article
- Brain and blood biomarkers of tauopathy and neuronal injury in humans and rats with neurobehavioral syndromes following blast exposure.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Article
- Progressive Cognitive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Related Behavioral Traits in Rats Exposed to Repetitive Low-Level Blast.Journal of neurotrauma · 2021Article
- Cerebral perfusion is associated with blast exposure in military personnel without moderate or severe TBI.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2021Article
- Post-traumatic Headache and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Brain Networks and Connectivity.Current pain and headache reports · 2021Review
- Laterality and region-specific tau phosphorylation correlate with PTSD-related behavioral traits in rats exposed to repetitive low-level blast.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2021Article
- Repeated Low-Level Blast Acutely Alters Brain Cytokines, Neurovascular Proteins, Mechanotransduction, and Neurodegenerative Markers in a Rat Model.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Perspectives on Primary Blast Injury of the Brain: Translational Insights Into Non-inertial Low-Intensity Blast Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Chronic elevation of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is associated with a history of blast exposure.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2020Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
De novo hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to functional recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Enriched environment (EEN) can improve the outcome of TBI by positively affecting neurogenesis. Blast induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) characterized by memory impairment and increased anxiety levels, is a leading cause of chronic disability among soldiers. Using a rodent model of bTBI we asked: (a) whether long-term exposure to EEN after injury can ameliorate behavioral abnormalities and (b) what the effects of EEN are at the molecular and cellular levels and on de novo neurogenesis. We found that housing injured animals in EEN resulted in significantly improved spatial memory while animals in normal housing (NH) showed persistent memory impairment. VEGF and Tau protein but not Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were normalized in the dorsal hippocampus (DHC) of EEN rats while all three markers remained elevated in NH rats. Interestingly, after peaking at 6 weeks post-injury, anxiety returned to normal levels at 2 months independent of housing conditions. Housing animals in EEN had no significant effect on VEGF and Tau protein levels in the ventral hippocampus (VHC) and the amygdala (AD). We also found that EEN reduced IL-6 and IFNγ levels in the VHC; these markers remained elevated following NH. We observed an increase in GFAP and DCX immunoreactivities in the VHC of NH animals at 2 months post-injury. Conversely, injured animals housed in EEN showed no increase in GFAP or DCX immunoreactivity in their VHC. In summary, long-term exposure of injured animals to EEN appears to play a positive role in the restoration of memory functions but not on anxiety, which returned to normal levels after a significant period of time. Cellular and molecular changes in response to EEN appear to be a part of neurogenesis-independent as well as dependent recovery processes triggered by bTBI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.