Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21500985›Full record

ArticleJournal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics2011

Ocular sustained release nanoparticles containing stereoisomeric dipeptide prodrugs of acyclovir.

Jwala Jwala, Sai H S Boddu, Sujay Shah, Suman Sirimulla, Dhananjay Pal, Ashim K Mitra

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Nanomedicine approaches for corneal diseases.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2015
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Novel strategies for anterior segment ocular drug delivery.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2013
    Review
  11. Prodrug strategies in ocular drug delivery.Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) · 2012
    Review
  12. Nanotechnology approaches for ocular drug delivery.Middle East African journal of ophthalmology
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jwala JwalaDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Sai H S Boddu
Sujay Shah
Suman Sirimulla
Dhananjay Pal
Ashim K Mitra
University of Missouri–Kansas City · USThe University of Texas at El Paso · USUniversity of Toledo · US

Funding

Ocular Disposition of Antimicrobial AgentsR01EY009171 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY · PI MITRA, ASHIM K. · 1992 to 2010
$3.0M
Transscleral Transport & Polymeric Delivery of Antibody & Steroids for Macular EdR01EY010659 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY · PI MITRA, ASHIM K. · 1996 to 2010
$2.5M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY 09171-16NEI NIH HHS R01 EY 10659-14
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe objective of this study was to develop and characterize polymeric nanoparticles of appropriate stereoisomeric dipeptide prodrugs of acyclovir (L-valine-L-valine-ACV, L-valine-D-valine-ACV, D-valine-L-valine-ACV, and D-valine-D-valine-ACV) for the treatment of ocular herpes keratitis.

methodsStereoisomeric dipeptide prodrugs of acyclovir (ACV) were screened for bioreversion in various ocular tissues, cell proliferation, and uptake across the rabbit primary corneal epithelial cell line. Docking studies were carried out to examine the affinity of prodrugs to the peptide transporter protein. Prodrugs with optimum characteristics were selected for the preparation of nanoparticles using various grades of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Nanoparticles were characterized for the entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, size distribution, and in vitro release. Further, the effect of thermosensitive gels on the release of prodrugs from nanoparticles was also studied.

resultsL-valine-L-valine-ACV and L-valine-D-valine-ACV were considered to be optimum in terms of enzymatic stability, uptake, and cytotoxicity. Docking results indicated that L-valine in the terminal position increases the affinity of the prodrugs to the peptide transporter protein. Entrapment efficiency values of L-valine-L-valine-ACV and L-valine-D-valine-ACV were found to be optimal with PLGA 75:25 and PLGA 65:35 polymers, respectively. In vitro release of prodrugs from nanoparticles exhibited a biphasic release behavior with initial burst phase followed by sustained release. Dispersion of nanoparticles in thermosensitive gels completely eliminated the burst release phase.

conclusionNovel nanoparticulate systems of dipeptide prodrugs of ACV suspended in thermosensitive gels may provide sustained delivery after topical administration.

Indexed as

AcyclovirAnimalsAntiviral AgentsCells, CulturedDelayed-Action PreparationsDipeptidesEyeLactic AcidMaleNanoparticlesPolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerProdrugsRabbitsSolubilityStereoisomerismAcyclovirAntiviral AgentsDelayed-Action PreparationsDipeptidesLactic AcidPolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerProdrugs

Identifiers

PMID21500985
PMCPMC3078652
OpenAlexW1978764502

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.