Trial reportJournal of general internal medicine2011
Neighborhood environment and health status and mortality among veterans.
Trial report in Journal of general internal medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Utilization Among Veterans: A Sex-Based Analysis.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Rural residence and mental health among US Veterans: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Evaluating equity in a national virtual care management intervention: Delivery and outcomes by race/ethnicity among Veterans with hypertension and diabetes.Health services research · 2024Article
- Area Socioeconomic Status is Associated with Refusal of Recommended Surgery in Patients with Metastatic Bone and Joint Disease.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Association of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Anticoagulation for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in the Veterans Health Administration: the REACH-AF Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Association of Retail Environment and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status With Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the United States: Cardiovascular Health Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Applying a Population Health Equity Framework in the Clinical Setting-Incorporating Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health Into Estimations of Risk.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Burden of Cause-Specific Mortality Associated With PM2.5 Air Pollution in the United States.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- The Association Between Neighborhood Environment and Mortality: Results from a National Study of Veterans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2017Observational
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to All-Cause, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Mortality in the Black Women's Health Study.Ethnicity & disease · 2016Article
- Socioeconomic Position and Premature Mortality in the AusDiab Cohort of Australian Adults.American journal of public health · 2016Article
- Self-reported neighborhood safety and nonadherence to treatment regimens among patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe VHA is the largest integrated US health system and is increasingly moving care into the communities where veterans reside. Veterans who utilize the VA for their care have worse health status than the general population. However, there is limited evidence about the association of neighborhood environment and health outcomes among veterans.
objectivesThe primary aim of this study is to assess the relative contribution of neighborhood environment, health system, and individual characteristics to health status and mortality of veterans.
methodsInformation on personal socio-economic indicators, existing medical conditions and health status were obtained from baseline data from a multi-site, randomized trial of primary care patients (n = 15,889). The physical component scale (PCS) and mental component scale (MCS) summarized health status. Census tracts were used as proxies for neighborhoods. A summary score based on census tract data characterized the neighborhood socio-economic environment and walkability. Data were analyzed with multilevel hierarchical models. Analyses of health status were cross-sectional. Mortality analyses were longitudinal as participants were followed for an average of 722.5 days to ascertain vital status.
resultsNeighborhood SES was associated with PCS and MCS scores, controlling for individual socio-economic status, self-reported co-morbid disease, smoking status, and health care access. In the lowest versus highest quartiles of neighborhood SES, adjusted PCS scores were 34.4 vs. 35.4 (p < 0.05) and adjusted MCS scores were 46.2 versus 47.0 (p < 0.05). PCS score was also significantly associated with neighborhood walkability (p < 0.05). Mortality was lower for veterans living in neighborhoods with the highest decile neighborhood SES (HR 0.78, highest vs. lowest decile 95% CI 0.63, 0.97).
conclusionsVeterans living in lower SES neighborhoods have poorer health status and a higher risk of mortality, independent of individual characteristics and health care access. Neighborhood walkability was associated with higher PCS scores.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.