ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology2011
Carbon monoxide as an endogenous vascular modulator.
Review in American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine-containing products and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms and global health implications.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Carbon Monoxide: A Context-Dependent Regulator of the Stress Axis.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Relevant insights from personalized inhaled carbon monoxide dosing in a safety study in pneumonia and ARDS.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Carboxyhemoglobin tracks acute arterial desaturation in healthy volunteers: a pooled analysis of four controlled desaturation studies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Redox Regulation of Endogenous Gasotransmitters in Vascular Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The machinery of healthy vasodilatation: an overview.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Compelling Evidence: A Critical Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Monoxide.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- How reducing oxygen-transport may lower the risk of developing Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Heme Regulatory Motif of Heme Oxygenase-2 Is Involved in the Interaction with NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase and Regulates Enzymatic Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.Journal of perinatal medicine · 2023Observational
- Impact of aging on vascular ion channels: perspectives and knowledge gaps across major organ systems.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Review
- Non-Excitatory Amino Acids, Melatonin, and Free Radicals: Examining the Role in Stroke and Aging.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Clinical Applications for Gasotransmitters in the Cardiovascular System: Are We There Yet?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Prenatal exposure to alcohol impairs responses of cerebral arterioles to activation of potassium channels: Role of oxidative stress.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- CORM-401, an orally active carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, increases body temperature by activating non-shivering thermogenesis in rats.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2022Article
- Oxygen-dependent regulation of ion channels: acute responses, post-translational modification, and response to chronic hypoxia.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2021Review
- Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation During Development.Comprehensive Physiology · 2021Article
- When the Blood Hits Your Brain: The Neurotoxicity of Extravasated Blood.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Heme Oxygenase-1 Deficiency and Oxidative Stress: A Review of 9 Independent Human Cases and Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced by heme oxygenase (HO)-catalyzed heme degradation to CO, iron, and biliverdin. HO has two active isoforms, HO-1 (inducible) and HO-2 (constitutive). HO-2, but not HO-1, is highly expressed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells and in adjacent astrocytes in the brain. HO-1 is expressed basally only in the spleen and liver but can be induced to a varying extent in most tissues. Elevating heme, protein phosphorylation, Ca(2+) influx, and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent processes increase HO-2 activity. CO dilates cerebral arterioles and may constrict or dilate skeletal muscle and renal arterioles. Selected vasodilatory stimuli, including seizures, glutamatergic stimulation, hypoxia, hypotension, and ADP, increase CO, and the inhibition of HO attenuates the dilation to these stimuli. Astrocytic HO-2-derived CO causes glutamatergic dilation of pial arterioles. CO dilates by activating smooth muscle cell large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels. CO binds to BK(Ca) channel-bound heme, leading to an increase in Ca(2+) sparks-to-BK(Ca) channel coupling. Also, CO may bind directly to the BK(Ca) channel at several locations. Endothelial nitric oxide and prostacyclin interact with HO/CO in circulatory regulation. In cerebral arterioles in vivo, in contrast to dilation to acute CO, a prolonged exposure of cerebral arterioles to elevated CO produces progressive constriction by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase. The HO/CO system is highly protective to the vasculature. CO suppresses apoptosis and inhibits components of endogenous oxidant-generating pathways. Bilirubin is a potent reactive oxygen species scavenger. Still many questions remain about the physiology and biochemistry of HO/CO in the circulatory system and about the function and dysfunction of this gaseous mediator system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.