Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21498463›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2011

Analysis of 94 candidate genes and 12 endophenotypes for schizophrenia from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia.

Tiffany A Greenwood, Laura C Lazzeroni, Sarah S Murray, Kristin S Cadenhead, Monica E Calkins, Dorcas J Dobie, Michael F Green, Raquel E Gur, Ruben C Gur, Gary Hardiman and 17 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
140citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
22.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

140 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Trial
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  7. Article
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  11. Genetic Influences on Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
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  15. Review
  16. Relationship betweenIranian journal of public health · 2021
    Article
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80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tiffany A GreenwoodDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, USA.
Laura C Lazzeroni
Sarah S Murray
Kristin S Cadenhead
Monica E Calkins
Dorcas J Dobie
Michael F Green
Raquel E Gur
Ruben C Gur
Gary Hardiman
John R Kelsoe
Sherry Leonard
Gregory A Light
Keith H Nuechterlein
Ann Olincy
Allen D Radant
Nicholas J Schork
Larry J Seidman
Larry J Siever
Jeremy M Silverman
William S Stone
Neal R Swerdlow
Debby W Tsuang
Ming T Tsuang
Bruce I Turetsky
Robert Freedman
David L Braff
Scripps Research Institute · US

Funding

Transgenic & Knock-out MouseP30DK063491 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Andrea L Hevener · 2003 to 2026
$40.4M
STATISTICAL GENETICS AND TREATMENT ANALYSISP50MH086383 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI FREEDMAN, ROBERT · 2009 to 2013
$10.6M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065571 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BRAFF, DAVID L. · 2003 to 2013
$7.0M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065578 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E · 2003 to 2013
$4.2M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065554 · NIMH · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI SIEVER, LARRY J · 2003 to 2013
$4.1M
Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065558 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI TSUANG, DEBBY WEN · 2003 to 2013
$3.7M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065707 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GREEN, MICHAEL F. · 2003 to 2013
$3.6M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065562 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI SEIDMAN, LARRY J · 2003 to 2007
$2.6M
The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH065588 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI OLINCY, ANN · 2003 to 2007
$2.2M
6/6 - The Genetics of Endophenotypes and SchizophreniaR01MH086135 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LAZZERONI, LAURA C. · 2010 to 2013
$1.3M
The Convergence and Divergence of Schizophrenia and Bipolar DisorderK01MH087889 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GREENWOOD, TIFFANY A · 2010 to 2014
$858k
NIDDK NIH HHS DK-063491NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH087889NIMH NIH HHS K01-MH-087889NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH086383NIMH NIH HHS P50-MH-086383NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065554NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH-065554NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065558NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH-065558NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065562NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH-065562NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065571NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH-065571NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065578NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH-065578NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065588NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH-065588NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065707NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH-065707NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH086135NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH-86135
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe authors used a custom array of 1,536 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to interrogate 94 functionally relevant candidate genes for schizophrenia and identify associations with 12 heritable neurophysiological and neurocognitive endophenotypes in data collected by the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia.

methodVariance-component association analyses of 534 genotyped subjects from 130 families were conducted by using Merlin software. A novel bootstrap total significance test was also developed to overcome the limitations of existing genomic multiple testing methods and robustly demonstrate significant associations in the context of complex family data and possible population stratification effects.

resultsAssociations with endophenotypes were observed for 46 genes of potential functional significance, with three SNPs at p<10(-4), 27 SNPs at p<10(-3), and 147 SNPs at p<0.01. The bootstrap analyses confirmed that the 47 SNP-endophenotype combinations with the strongest evidence of association significantly exceeded that expected by chance alone, with 93% of these findings expected to be true. Many of the genes interact on a molecular level, and eight genes (e.g., NRG1 and ERBB4) displayed evidence for pleiotropy, revealing associations with four or more endophenotypes. The results collectively support a strong role for genes related to glutamate signaling in mediating schizophrenia susceptibility.

conclusionsThis study supports use of relevant endophenotypes and the bootstrap total significance test for identifying genetic variation underlying the etiology of schizophrenia. In addition, the observation of extensive pleiotropy for some genes and singular associations for others suggests alternative, independent pathways mediating pathogenesis in the "group of schizophrenias."

Indexed as

EndophenotypesGenetic Association StudiesCognition DisordersEpistasis, GeneticGenetic PleiotropyGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeHumansPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID21498463
PMCPMC3751972
OpenAlexW2139776339

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.