ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2011
Prevalence and predictors of smoking in "smoke-free" bars. Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Europe Surveys.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Facilitators and Barriers of Smokers' Compliance with Smoking Bans in Public Places: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Pooled it
- Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Smoke-free laws and direct democracy initiatives on smoking bans in Germany: a systematic review and quantitative assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Pooled it
- Global burden of lung cancer attributable to secondhand smoke (1990-2021) and predictive trends to 2035.Medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of cigarette price and tobacco control policies on youth smoking experimentation in Albania.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Tobacco control policies and respiratory conditions among children presenting in primary care.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2024Article
- State of the literature discussing smoke-free policies globally: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of Text-Only Cigarette Health Warnings in Japan: Findings from the 2018 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The visibility of smoking in Europe and its relationship with youth's positive beliefs about smoking.International journal of public health · 2019Article
- Attitudes of Korean smokers towards smoke-free public places: findings from the longitudinal ITC Korea Survey, 2005-2010.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Analysis of non-compliance with smoke-free legislation in Russia.International journal of public health · 2019Article
- You need 'empower' (along with the other one) to make the world truly smoke-free.Public health action · 2018Article
- Correlates of the support for smoke-free policies among smokers: A cross-sectional study in six European countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC EUROPE SURVEYS.Tobacco induced diseases · 2018Article
- Relation between individual factors and support for smoking bans in bars in Greece: A cross-sectional study of the 2013 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS).Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2017Article
- Independent and Interactive Effects of Smoking Bans and Tobacco Taxes on a Cohort of US Young Adults.American journal of public health · 2016Article
- Population support before and after the implementation of smoke-free laws in the United States: trends from 1992-2007.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Article
- Cardiovascular Events Following Smoke-Free Legislations: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current environmental health reports · 2014Article
- Associations between tobacco control policy awareness, social acceptability of smoking and smoking cessation. Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Europe Surveys.Health education research · 2014Article
- Tobacco smoke exposure in public places and workplaces after smoke-free policy implementation: a longitudinal analysis of smoker cohorts in Mexico and Uruguay.Health policy and planning · 2013Article
- Evaluation of the smoking ban in public places in France one year and five years after its implementation: Findings from the ITC France survey.Bulletin epidemiologique hebdomadaire (Paris, France) · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
National level smoke-free legislation is implemented to protect the public from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS). The first aim of this study was to investigate how successful the smoke-free hospitality industry legislation in Ireland (March 2004), France (January 2008), the Netherlands (July 2008), and Germany (between August 2007 and July 2008) was in reducing smoking in bars. The second aim was to assess individual smokers' predictors of smoking in bars post-ban. The third aim was to examine country differences in predictors and the fourth aim was to examine differences between educational levels (as an indicator of socioeconomic status). This study used nationally representative samples of 3147 adult smokers from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Europe Surveys who were surveyed pre- and post-ban. The results reveal that while the partial smoke-free legislation in the Netherlands and Germany was effective in reducing smoking in bars (from 88% to 34% and from 87% to 44%, respectively), the effectiveness was much lower than the comprehensive legislation in Ireland and France which almost completely eliminated smoking in bars (from 97% to 3% and from 84% to 3% respectively). Smokers who were more supportive of the ban, were more aware of the harm of SHS, and who had negative opinions of smoking were less likely to smoke in bars post-ban. Support for the ban was a stronger predictor in Germany. SHS harm awareness was a stronger predictor among less educated smokers in the Netherlands and Germany. The results indicate the need for strong comprehensive smoke-free legislation without exceptions. This should be accompanied by educational campaigns in which the public health rationale for the legislation is clearly explained.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.