ArticleInternational journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics2012
Effect of tumor subtype on survival and the graded prognostic assessment for patients with breast cancer and brain metastases.
Article in International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 184 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Brain metastases: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions.Neuro-oncology · 2022Guideline
- Recommendations on disease management for patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2014Guideline
- Predicting survival of de novo metastatic breast cancer in Asian women: systematic review and validation study.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- ATTAIN: Phase III study of etirinotecan pegol versus treatment of physician's choice in patients with metastatic breast cancer and brain metastases.Future oncology (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Secondary analysis of RTOG 9508, a phase 3 randomized trial of whole-brain radiation therapy versus WBRT plus stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with 1-3 brain metastases; poststratified by the graded prognostic assessment (GPA).International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2014Trial
- Multiscale systems modelling of communication networks in brain metastasis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- A new preoperative scoring system to predict overall survival in patients undergoing surgical removal of brain metastasis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- A differentiated thyroid carcinoma-specific graded prognostic assessment for brain metastases: derivation in a 10,306-patient cohort and external validation.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- The potential directing role of chemokines for specific metastatic sites in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Biological aging enhances prognostic stratification beyond chronological age in breast cancer brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Survival and Predictors in Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Surgery for Spinal Metastases: Insights From a Single-Center Cohort.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Article
- Breast cancer brain metastasis: from molecular insights to therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Factors associated with developing and surviving brain metastases in patients with breast cancer: a multi-center experience.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- An Integrated Dataset of Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Brain with Imaging, Radiomics, and Tumor Genetics.Scientific data · 2025Article
- A nomogram for breast cancer brain metastasis patients after stereotactic radiotherapy.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Borderline decisions in brain-metastatic breast cancer: efficacy of multimodality treatments in breast cancer patients with very limited prognosis suffering from brain metastases.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2025Article
- Modulating the pace: systemic targeted therapy, brain metastasis velocity, and outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery in breast cancer brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Prognostic factors and survival outcome of brain metastases in breast cancer patients: a retrospective analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Radiation-guided nanoparticles enhance the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in primary and metastatic BRCA1-deficient tumors via immunotherapy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Article
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe diagnosis-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) was published to clarify prognosis for patients with brain metastases. This study refines the existing Breast-GPA by analyzing a larger cohort and tumor subtype. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A multi-institutional retrospective database of 400 breast cancer patients treated for newly diagnosed brain metastases was generated. Prognostic factors significant for survival were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA). Factors were weighted by the magnitude of their regression coefficients to define the GPA index.
resultsSignificant prognostic factors by multivariate Cox regression and RPA were Karnofsky performance status (KPS), HER2, ER/PR status, and the interaction between ER/PR and HER2. RPA showed age was significant for patients with KPS 60 to 80. The median survival time (MST) overall was 13.8 months, and for GPA scores of 0 to 1.0, 1.5 to 2.0, 2.5 to 3.0, and 3.5 to 4.0 were 3.4 (n = 23), 7.7 (n = 104), 15.1 (n = 140), and 25.3 (n = 133) months, respectively (p < 0.0001). Among HER2-negative patients, being ER/PR positive improved MST from 6.4 to 9.7 months, whereas in HER2-positive patients, being ER/PR positive improved MST from 17.9 to 20.7 months. The log-rank statistic (predictive power) was 110 for the Breast-GPA vs. 55 for tumor subtype.
conclusionsThe Breast-GPA documents wide variation in prognosis and shows clear separation between subgroups of patients with breast cancer and brain metastases. This tool will aid clinical decision making and stratification in clinical trials. These data confirm the effect of tumor subtype on survival and show the Breast-GPA offers significantly more predictive power than the tumor subtype alone.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.