ArticleNeuroImage2011
Covariance modeling of MRI brain volumes in memory circuitry in schizophrenia: Sex differences are critical.
Article in NeuroImage, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural covariance networks in schizophrenia: A systematic review Part I.Schizophrenia research · 2022Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Gender differences in semantic facilitation and verbal recall in schizotypal personality disorder.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the impact of genetic and clinical risk factors for Alzheimer's disease in midlife.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Sex difference in alexithymia and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia: a large sample study based on Chinese Han population.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- The normalizing properties of intracranial volume across race and sex.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Leukocyte telomere length and memory circuitry and cognition in early aging: Impact of sex and menopausal status.Hormones and behavior · 2024Article
- Altered grey matter structural covariance in chronic moderate-severe traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Infections During Pregnancy and Risks for Adult Psychosis: Findings from the New England Family Study.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Cortical Thinning and Abnormal Structural Covariance Network After Three Hours Sleep Restriction.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Common and Specific Characteristics of Adolescent Bipolar Disorder Types I and II: A Combined Cortical Thickness and Structural Covariance Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Impact of sex and reproductive status on memory circuitry structure and function in early midlife using structural covariance analysis.Human brain mapping · 2019Article
- The Middle-Aged Brain: Biological sex and sex hormones shape memory circuitry.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2018Article
- Sex differences in stress regulation of arousal and cognition.Physiology & behavior · 2018Review
- Reorganization of Functional Networks in Verbal Working Memory Circuitry in Early Midlife: The Impact of Sex and Menopausal Status.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2017Article
- Impact of Sex and Menopausal Status on Episodic Memory Circuitry in Early Midlife.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2016Article
- Gender differences in CNV burden do not confound schizophrenia CNV associations.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- California Verbal Learning Test-II performance in schizophrenia as a function of ascertainment strategy: comparing the first and second phases of the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS).Schizophrenia research · 2015Article
- Reduced hippocampal volume and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function in first episode psychosis: evidence for sex differences.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2015Article
- Prenatal maternal immune disruption and sex-dependent risk for psychoses.Psychological medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Women have consistently demonstrated better verbal memory on tests that evaluate immediate and delayed free recall. In patients with schizophrenia, these verbal memory processes are relatively more preserved in women than men. However an understanding of the brain anatomy of the female advantage for verbal memory is still unclear. 29 females and 59 males with schizophrenia made comparable to 21 female and 27 male healthy volunteers were scanned using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) in order to assess volumes of regions across the entire brain. Sex differences within and between groups in the covariance structure of memory circuitry regions were evaluated using a novel approach to covariance analysis (the Box M Test). Brain areas of interest included the prefrontal cortex (PFC), inferior parietal lobule (iPAR), anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), parahippocampus, and hippocampus (HIPP). Results showed significant differences in the covariance matrices of females and males with schizophrenia compared with their healthy counterparts, in particular the relationships between iPAR-PFC, iPAR-ACG, and HIPP-PFC. Sex differences in the iPAR-PFC relationship were significantly associated with sex differences in verbal memory performance. In control women, but not in men ACG volume correlated strongly with memory performance. In schizophrenia, ACG volume was reduced in females, but not in men, relative to controls. Findings suggest that the relationship between iPAR and PFC is particularly important for understanding the relative preservation of verbal memory processing in females with schizophrenia and may compensate for ACG volume reductions. These results illustrate the utility of a unique covariance structure modeling approach that yields important new knowledge for understanding the nature of schizophrenia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.