ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2011
TGF-β signaling in breast cancer cell invasion and bone metastasis.
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of candidate genes and their relevant pathways for metastasis among adults diagnosed with breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Pooled it
- Tumoral pSMAD2 as a prognostic biomarker in early-stage breast cancer: insights from the randomized SweBCG91RT trial.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Trial
- Iron-endoplasmic reticulum-extracellular matrix axis regulates cancer cell invasion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multi-omic Profiling of Recurrence Risk Across Breast Cancer Subtypes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Prognostic RNA-splicing archetypes in breast cancer identified by extended pre-training of histopathology foundation models.Nature communications · 2026Article
- GDF10 exacerbates metastatic burden and cachexia in murine models of cancer.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- TGF-β Signaling in Cancer: Mechanisms of Progression and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- OTUD3 inhibits breast cancer cell metastasis by regulating TGF-β pathway through deubiquitinating SMAD7.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- The Role of Twisted Gastrulation 1 (TWSG1) Gene in TGF-β Signaling Linked to Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Review
- DeepWalk-Based Graph Embeddings for miRNA-Disease Association Prediction Using Deep Neural Network.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- CTGF (CCN2): a multifaceted mediator in breast cancer progression and therapeutic targeting.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Recent Insights Into Breast Cancer: Molecular Pathways, Epigenetic Regulation, and Emerging Targeted Therapies.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2025Review
- TMCO1 is upregulated in breast cancer and regulates the response to pro-apoptotic agents in breast cancer cells.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Review on effects and mechanisms of plant-derived natural products against breast cancer bone metastasis.Heliyon · 2024Review
- LncRNA XIST/miR-455-3p/HOXC4 axis promotes breast cancer development by activating TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway.Functional & integrative genomics · 2024Article
- Investigating the impact of SMAD2 and SMAD4 downregulation in colorectal cancer and their correlation with immune markers, prognosis, and drug resistance and sensitivity.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Verteporfin inhibits TGF-β signaling by disrupting the Smad2/3-Smad4 interaction.Molecular biology of the cell · 2024Article
- The prognostic genes model of breast cancer drug resistance based on single-cell sequencing analysis and transcriptome analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Transforming growth factor-induced gene TGFBI is correlated with the prognosis and immune infiltrations of breast cancer.World journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The contribution of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling to breast cancer has been studied for more than two decades. In an early phase TGF-β may act as a tumour suppressor, while later, when cells have become resistant to its anti-mitogenic effects, the role of TGF-β switches towards malignant conversion and progression. TGF-β stimulates cell invasion and modifies the microenvironment to the advantage of cancer cells. Studies have shown that TGF-β promotes bone and lung metastasis via different mechanisms. The therapeutic strategies to target the TGF-β pathway in breast cancer are becoming increasingly clear. This review will focus on the role TGF-β in breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.