ArticleEye (London, England)2011
Distribution of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence in a population-based study: the Norfolk Island Eye Study.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence: A Systematic Review of Factors Affecting Observed Ocular Damage.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Pooled it
- Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence as a biomarker of outdoor exposure in myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Validation of a Portable Tool for Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence Imaging.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- More sun, less myopia: validating CUVAF as a biomarker for outdoor exposure in a cohort of Spanish schoolchildren.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Could Children's Myopization Have Been Avoided during the Pandemic Confinement? The Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence (CUVAF) Biomarker as an Answer.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence as a biomarker of outdoor time in myopic children.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The association between conjunctival and scleral thickness and ocular surface ultraviolet autofluorescence.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of the Relationship between Outdoor Exposure and Myopia in University Students, Measured by Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence (CUVAF).Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Young Adults: Review of Findings From the Raine Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- Seasonal Effect on Ocular Sun Exposure and Conjunctival UV Autofluorescence.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2017Article
- Quantification of sun-related changes in the eye in conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence images.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2016Article
- Myopia in young adults is inversely related to an objective marker of ocular sun exposure: the Western Australian Raine cohort study.American journal of ophthalmology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the distribution of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF) in an adult population.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study in the genetic isolate of Norfolk Island, South Pacific Ocean. In all, 641 people, aged 15 to 89 years, were recruited. UVAF and standard (control) photographs were taken of the nasal and temporal interpalpebral regions bilaterally. Differences between the groups for non-normally distributed continuous variables were assessed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney ranksum test. Trends across categories were assessed using Cuzick's non-parametric test for trend or Kendall's rank correlation τ.
resultsConjunctival UVAF is a non-parametric trait with a positively skewed distribution. Median amount of conjunctival UVAF per person (sum of four measurements; right nasal/temporal and left nasal/temporal) was 28.2 mm(2) (interquartile range 14.5-48.2). There was an inverse, linear relationship between UVAF and advancing age (P<0.001). Males had a higher sum of UVAF compared with females (34.4 mm(2) vs 23.2 mm(2), P<0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in area of UVAF between right and left eyes or between nasal and temporal regions.
conclusionWe have provided the first quantifiable estimates of conjunctival UVAF in an adult population. Further data are required to provide information about the natural history of UVAF and to characterise other potential disease associations with UVAF. UVR protective strategies should be emphasised at an early age to prevent the long-term adverse effects on health associated with excess UVR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.