ArticleDemography2011
Cross-national sources of health inequality: education and tobacco use in the World Health Survey.
Article in Demography, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urban-town-rural disparities in subjective life expectancy among middle-aged and elderly adults in China: evidence from the CHARLS 2020.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Sociodemographic index-age differences in the global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, 1990-2019: a population-based study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Does physical exercise inhibit smoking behavior? Evidence from the China General Social Survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Smoking-Related Diseases and Associations With Health Workforce Distribution, 1990-2021: Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.International journal of public health · 2025Article
- The mortality of oral cancer attributable to tobacco in China, the US, and India.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Summary and Concluding Remarks: Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Patterns of tobacco use in low and middle income countries by tobacco product and sociodemographic characteristics: nationally representative survey data from 82 countries.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Article
- A dichotomy of smokers in the Philippines following sin tax reform: Distinguishing potential quitters from those unlikely to quit.PloS one · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco smoking in women aged 15-54 in Iran: a multilevel model.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- What Regional Living Conditions Affect Individual Smoking of Adults in Russia.International journal of public health · 2021Article
- Social determinants of dual tobacco use in India: An analysis based on the two rounds of global adult tobacco survey.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- Inequalities in health-related quality of life and the contribution from socioeconomic status: evidence from Tibet, China.BMC public health · 2020Article
- The impact of social determinants of health on laryngotracheal stenosis development and outcomes.The Laryngoscope · 2020Article
- Epigenetic signatures of smoking associate with cognitive function, brain structure, and mental and physical health outcomes in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.Translational psychiatry · 2019Article
- Family Change in Global Perspective: How and Why Family Systems Change.Family relations · 2019Article
- Relationship between Food Dependence and Nicotine Dependence in Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Staff and Students at Medical Colleges.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Observational
- Socio-Economic Inequalities in Tobacco Consumption of the Older Adults in China: A Decomposition Method.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Perceived stress and smoking across 41 countries: A global perspective across Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Genome-Wide Estimates of Heritability for Social Demographic Outcomes.Biodemography and social biology · 2016Article
- Widespread inequalities in smoking & smokeless tobacco consumption across wealth quintiles in States of India: Need for targeted interventions.The Indian journal of medical research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The spread of tobacco use from the West to other parts of the world, especially among disadvantaged socioeconomic groups, raises concerns not only about the indisputable harm to global health but also about worsening health inequality. Arguments relating to economic cost and diffusion posit that rising educational disparities in tobacco use-and associated disparities in health and premature mortality-are associated with higher national income and more advanced stages of cigarette diffusion, particularly among younger persons and males. To test these arguments, we use World Health Survey data for 99,661 men and 123,953 women from 50 low-income to upper-middle-income nations. Multilevel logistic regression models show that increases in national income and cigarette diffusion widen educational disparities in smoking among young persons and men but have weaker influences among older persons and women. The results suggest that the social and economic patterns of cigarette adoption across low- and middle-income nations foretell continuing, and perhaps widening, disparities in mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.