Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21490044›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2011

Remarks on antagonism.

Tyler J VanderWeele, Mirjam J Knol

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Bacterial community modifies host genetics effect on early childhood caries.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. The Interaction Continuum.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Tyler J VanderWeeleDepartments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. tvanderw@hsph.harvard.edu
Mirjam J Knol

Funding

Theory and methods for sufficient cause interactionsR01ES017876 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI VANDERWEELE, TYLER · 2010 to 2014
$1.2M
Theory and methods for interactionR56ES017876 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI TCHETGEN TCHETGEN, ERIC JOEL, VANDERWEELE, TYLER · 2016 to 2016
$150k
NIEHS NIH HHS ES017876NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES017876NIEHS NIH HHS R56 ES017876
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Different forms of antagonism are classified in terms of response types and are related to the sufficient-cause framework. These forms of antagonism include "synergy under recoding of an exposure," "synergism under recoding of the outcome," and so-called "competing response types," with synergism itself conceived of as causal co-action within the sufficient-cause framework. In this paper, the authors show that subadditivity necessarily implies at least one of these 3 forms of antagonism. Empirical conditions for specific forms of antagonism are given for settings in which monotonicity assumptions are and are not considered plausible. The implications of subadditivity and superadditivity for causal co-action for either an outcome or its absence are characterized under various assumptions about monotonicity. A simple computational procedure is described for assessing whether any specific form of causal co-action can be detected for either an outcome or its absence for both cohort and case-control data. The results in this paper are illustrated by application to examples drawn from the existing literature on gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.

Indexed as

CausalityEnvironmental ExposureEpidemiologic MethodsHumansModels, StatisticalOdds RatioRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID21490044
PMCPMC3121324

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.