ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2011
Antibiotic exposure in the newborn intensive care unit and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 197 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
197 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 389 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a Meta analysis.Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Presepsin for the Diagnosis of Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Probiotic Supplementation During the Perinatal and Infant Period: Effects on Gut Dysbiosis and Disease.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Association of initial empirical antibiotic therapy with increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.European journal of pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children.Intensive care medicine · 2020Guideline
- Nutritional interventions to reduce rates of infection, necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality in very preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2020Pooled it
- Intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Microbiome · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of early antibiotic exposure on necrotizing enterocolitis and growth in extremely preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Routine Early Antibiotic Use in SymptOmatic Preterm Neonates: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters for preventing neonatal bloodstream infection: the PREVAIL RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of strategies preventing late-onset infection in preterm infants.Archives of disease in childhood · 2020Trial
- Antibiotic Overuse in Premature Low Birth Weight Infants in a Developing Country.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Trial
- A comparison of two probiotic strains of bifidobacteria in premature infants.The Journal of pediatrics · 2013Trial
- Use of a computerized C-reactive protein (CRP) based sepsis evaluation in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants: a five-year experience.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Antibiotic stewardship in the context of management of early onset neonatal sepsis-an evolving paradigm shift.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial-associated adverse events in neonates: an integrated literature review and FAERS pharmacovigilance analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Risk assessment of early-onset sepsis in extremely preterm infants: implications for antibiotic stewardship.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Revisiting time to blood culture positivity: can we decrease antibiotic exposure in the NICU?Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Does the duration of empiric antibiotic treatment influence NEC incidence and severity relative to placental pathology?Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine · 2026Review
137 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether duration of antibiotic exposure is an independent risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). STUDY
designA retrospective, 2:1 control-case analysis was conducted comparing neonates with NEC to those without from 2000 through 2008. Control subjects were matched on gestational age, birth weight, and birth year. In each matched triad, demographic and risk factor data were collected from birth until the diagnosis of NEC in the case subject. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess associations between risk factors and NEC.
resultsOne hundred twenty-four cases of NEC were matched with 248 control subjects. Cases were less likely to have respiratory distress syndrome (P = .018) and more likely to reach full enteral feeding (P = .028) than control subjects. Cases were more likely to have culture-proven sepsis (P < .0001). Given the association between sepsis and antibiotic use, we tested for and found a significant interaction between the two variables (P = .001). When neonates with sepsis were removed from the cohort, the risk of NEC increased significantly with duration of antibiotic exposure. Exposure for >10 days resulted in a nearly threefold increase in the risk of developing NEC.
conclusionsDuration of antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of NEC among neonates without prior sepsis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.