ArticleSelf/nonself2010
No human protein is exempt from bacterial motifs, not even one.
Article in Self/nonself, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial transformation of secondary bile acids: roles in gut ecology and autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Computationally Optimised Structural Integrity Sequence Enhances Vaccine Stability, Yield and Safety Profile.Research square · 2025Article
- A Unified Pathogenesis of Allergic Diseases; The Protein-Homeostasis-System Hypothesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Rheumatoid arthritis and the intestinal microbiome: probiotics as a potential therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Selection of vaccine-candidate peptides fromFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Auto-Immune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity in the time of COVID-19.Journal of autoimmunity · 2023Review
- Visiting Molecular Mimicry Once More: Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Autoimmunity.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Autoimmunity: A New Focus on Nasal Polyps.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests.Journal of laboratory physicians · 2023Article
- Post-COVID Endocrine Disorders: Putative Role of Molecular Mimicry and Some Pathomorphological Correlates.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Role of MHC class I pathways inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- From Genetics to Epigenetics: Top 4 Aspects for Improved SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Designs as Paradigmatic Examples.Global medical genetics · 2022Review
- HLA-G and the MHC Cusp Theory.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Mechanistic diversity in MHC class I antigen recognition.The Biochemical journal · 2021Review
- From Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immune Response to Cancer Onset via Molecular Mimicry and Cross-Reactivity.Global medical genetics · 2021Article
- A systematic bioinformatics approach for large-scale identification and characterization of host-pathogen shared sequences.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- From Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response to the Cytokine Storm via Molecular Mimicry.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Human Codon Usage: The Genetic Basis of Pathogen Latency.Global medical genetics · 2021Article
- Peptides of H. sapiens and P. falciparum that are predicted to bind strongly to HLA-A*24:02 and homologous to a SARS-CoV-2 peptide.Acta tropica · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The hypothesis that mimicry between a self and a microbial peptide antigen is strictly related to autoimmune pathology remains a debated concept in autoimmunity research. Clear evidence for a causal link between molecular mimicry and autoimmunity is still lacking. In recent studies we have demonstrated that viruses and bacteria share amino acid sequences with the human proteome at such a high extent that the molecular mimicry hypothesis becomes questionable as a causal factor in autoimmunity. Expanding upon our analysis, here we detail the bacterial peptide overlapping to the human proteome at the penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octapeptide levels by exact peptide matching analysis and demonstrate that there does not exist a single human protein that does not harbor a bacterial pentapeptide or hexapeptide motif. This finding suggests that molecular mimicry between a self and a microbial peptide antigen cannot be assumed as a basis for autoimmune pathologies. Moreover, the data are discussed in relation to the microbial immune escape phenomenon and the possible vaccine-related autoimmune effects.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.