ArticleSelf/nonself2010
Immunogenicity of protein therapeutics: The key causes, consequences and challenges.
Article in Self/nonself, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 349 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of interferon beta-neutralising antibodies in multiple sclerosis--a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2015Pooled it
- Comparative assessment of immunogenicity of recombinant insulin Aspart from BioGenomics and its originator NovoRapid® in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Trial
- B cell-activating factor modulates the factor VIII immune response in hemophilia A.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Relative and Absolute Bioavailability Study of Emicizumab to Bridge Drug Products and Subcutaneous Injection Sites in Healthy Volunteers.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2019Trial
- Evaluating a Multiscale Mechanistic Model of the Immune System to Predict Human Immunogenicity for a Biotherapeutic in Phase 1.The AAPS journal · 2019Trial
- A Randomized, First-in-Human, Healthy Volunteer Trial of sutimlimab, a Humanized Antibody for the Specific Inhibition of the Classical Complement Pathway.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2018Trial
- Immunogenicity associated with metreleptin treatment in patients with obesity or lipodystrophy.Clinical endocrinology · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Fluorinated carbohydrate-based vaccines.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Therapeutic peptides and proteins: Status and developments in drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- Prospects and challenges in intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Biologics and Drug-Induced Immunogenicity: A Case Report of Acquired Hemophilia A Presenting After Immunotherapy.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Competitive cell transplantation in rat mammary tissue and its use for radiation-induced cell competition and tumor clonality assays.Journal of radiation research · 2026Article
- Treatment strategies for rituximab-resistant primary membranous nephropathy: from resistance mechanisms to emerging therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- EMoMiS: A pipeline for epitope-based molecular mimicry search in protein structures with potential applications to SARS-CoV-2.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Life-threatening anaphylactic shock induced by cadonilimab (AK104), a PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody: a case report.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Exogenous Selenoprotein V Induces Apoptosis in Murine Testicular Teratoma Cells via Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ROS Overproduction.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Discovery of a first-in-class SLIT2 binder disrupting the SLIT2/ROBO1 axisRSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Unveiling the molecular and immunological drivers of antibody-drug conjugates in cancer treatment.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Impacts of anti-drug antibodies on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of cell-permeable middle molecule peptide drug.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunogenicity of protein therapeutics has so far proven to be difficult to predict in patients, with many biologics inducing undesirable immune responses directed towards the therapeutic resulting in reduced efficacy, anaphylaxis and occasionally life threatening autoimmunity. The most common effect of administrating an immunogenic protein therapeutic is the development of a high affinity anti-therapeutic antibody response. Furthermore, it is clear from clinical studies that protein therapeutics derived from endogenous human proteins are capable of stimulating undesirable immune responses in patients, and as a consequence, the prediction and reduction of immunogenicity has been the focus of intense research. This review will outline the principle causes of the immunogenicity in protein therapeutics, and describe the development of pre-clinical models that can be used to aid in the prediction of the immunogenic potential of novel protein therapeutics prior to administration in man.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.