ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2011
The biology of brain metastases-translation to new therapies.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 310 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
310 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 567 citations in OpenAlex.
- Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for brain metastases: a systematic review and pooled analysis of Efficacy/Safety and the role of combination treatments.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Salvage stereotactic radiotherapy for locally recurrent brain metastases: a systematic review.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Brain metastases: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions.Neuro-oncology · 2022Guideline
- The effect of smoking on survival in lung carcinoma patients with brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors versus Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of immunology research · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Previous Local Treatment for Brain Metastases on Response to Molecular Targeted Therapy in BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Brain Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Bevacizumab for radiation necrosis following radiotherapy of brain metastatic disease: a systematic review & meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of BRAF Inhibitors in Combination With Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Melanoma Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy without memantine in preserving neurocognitive function for brain metastases: a phase II blinded randomized trial.Neuro-oncology · 2021Trial
- Quality assurance analysis of hippocampal avoidance in a melanoma whole brain radiotherapy randomized trial shows good compliance.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Angiopep-2-decorated bacterial outer membrane vesicles penetrate the blood-brain barrier for glioblastoma chemo-immunotherapy.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Brain metastasis: Opportunities for novel therapies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Coplanar versus non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy for hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiotherapy using Monte Carlo-based planning system.Radiological physics and technology · 2026Article
- Rational design of pyrazole-oxime hybrids as dual-targeting agents for glioma and breast cancer brain metastasis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Synthetic Sinapates: Antifungal, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Antipsychotics and Seizure Risk in Patients with Brain Tumors: Mechanisms, Modifiers, and Clinical Insights.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Clinically Feasible White Matter Fiber Tractography in Peritumoral Zones With Cerebral Vasogenic Edema.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic impact of concomitant leptomeningeal disease in breast cancer patients with brain metastases: a large single-center cohort study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
250 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Brain metastases are a serious obstacle in the treatment of patients with solid tumors and contribute to the morbidity and mortality of these cancers. It is speculated that the frequency of brain metastasis is increasing for several reasons, including improved systemic therapy and survival, and detection of metastases in asymptomatic patients. The lack of preclinical models that recapitulate the clinical setting and the exclusion of patients with brain metastases from most clinical trials have slowed progress. Molecular factors contributing to brain metastases are being elucidated, such as genes involved in cell adhesion, extravasation, metabolism, and cellular signaling. Furthermore, the role of the unique brain microenvironment is beginning to be explored. Although the presence and function of the blood-brain barrier in metastatic tumors is still poorly understood, it is likely that some tumor cells are protected from therapeutics by the blood-tumor barrier, creating a sanctuary site. This Review discusses what is known about the biology of brain metastases, what preclinical models are available to study the disease, and which novel therapeutic strategies are being studied in patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.