ArticleHeart (British Cardiac Society)2011
Decline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration: lipid-lowering drugs, diet, or physical activity? Evidence from the Whitehall II study.
Article in Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Body roundness index trajectories in Chinese bariatric surgery patients: a retrospective longitudinal study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Methods for Hypercholesterolemia Long-Term Risk Prediction.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- The Use of Vibration Training in Men after Myocardial Infarction.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Organizational Justice and Long-term Metabolic Trajectories: A 25-Year Follow-up of the Whitehall II Cohort.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Observational
- Effect of the interaction between alcohol and meat consumption on the hyperlipidaemia risk among elderly individuals: Evidence from Shanghai, China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Indoor cycling training in rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: A review.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2021Review
- Pathophysiology-based subphenotyping of individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes.Nature medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Association of moderate and vigorous physical activity with incidence of type 2 diabetes and subsequent mortality: 27 year follow-up of the Whitehall II study.Diabetologia · 2020Article
- Dietary and modifiable factors contributing to hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia prevalence in nationwide time series data and the implications for primary prevention strategies.Nutrition research and practice · 2020Article
- Effect of physical activity on fasting blood glucose and lipid profile among low income housewives in the MyBFF@home study.BMC women's health · 2018Article
- Impact of physical activity on the association between lipid profiles and mortality among older people.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Physical activity, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia: 28 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Article
- Clinical and economic burden associated with cardiovascular events among patients with hyperlipidemia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2016Article
- Article
- Productivity loss and indirect costs associated with cardiovascular events and related clinical procedures.BMC health services research · 2015Article
- Effect of secular trends on age-related trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors: the Whitehall II longitudinal study 1985-2009.International journal of epidemiology · 2014Article
- Rising adiposity curbing decline in the incidence of myocardial infarction: 20-year follow-up of British men and women in the Whitehall II cohort.European heart journal · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association of lipid-lowering drugs, change in diet and physical activity with a decline in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in middle age.
designA prospective cohort study.
settingThe Whitehall II study.
participants4469 British civil servants (72% men) aged 39-62 years at baseline.
main outcome measureChange in LDL-cholesterol concentrations between the baseline (1991-3) and follow-up (2003-4).
resultsMean LDL-cholesterol decreased from 4.38 to 3.52 mmol/l over a mean follow-up of 11.3 years. In a mutually adjusted model, a decline in LDL-cholesterol was greater among those who were taking lipid-lowering treatment at baseline (-1.14 mmol/l, n=34), or started treatment during the follow-up (-1.77 mmol/l, n=481) compared with untreated individuals (n=3954; p<0.001); among those who improved their diet--especially the ratio of white to red meat consumption and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids intake--(-0.07 mmol/l, n=717) compared with those with no change in diet (n=3071; p=0.03) and among those who increased physical activity (-0.10 mmol/l, n=601) compared with those with no change in physical activity (n=3312; p=0.005). Based on these estimates, successful implementation of lipid-lowering drug treatment for high-risk participants (n=858) and favourable changes in diet (n=3457) and physical activity (n=2190) among those with non-optimal lifestyles would reduce LDL-cholesterol by 0.90 to 1.07 mmol/l in the total cohort.
conclusionsBoth lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy and favourable changes in lifestyle independently reduced LDL-cholesterol levels in a cohort of middle-aged men and women, supporting the use of multifaceted intervention strategies for prevention.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.