ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2011
Poorer survival outcomes for male breast cancer compared with female breast cancer may be attributable to in-stage migration.
Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Exclusion of Men from Randomized Phase III Breast Cancer Clinical Trials.The oncologist · 2020Trial
- A Prognostic Analysis of Male Breast Cancer (MBC) Compared with Post-Menopausal Female Breast Cancer (FBC).PloS one · 2015Trial
- The Oncotype DX® 21-gene recurrence score and clinical outcomes in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative male breast cancer: a scoping review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Global trends and disease burden of elderly male breast cancer, 1990-2021: a population-based study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- A compendium of male breast imaging: The road less traveled.World journal of radiology · 2025Review
- Comparative Net Survival Analysis of Men and Women With Breast Cancer in Japan: A Population-Based Study.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Clinical, therapeutic and prognostic differences between male and female patients with breast cancer-a comparison of 2510 men and 307,634 women in a registry-based study in Germany.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Male breast cancer: common biomarkers, clinicopathology, and outcomes in the west of Iran.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Establishment and validation of a novel prognostic nomogram for gallbladder cancer patients.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Comprehensive review of male breast cancer: Understanding a rare condition.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Impact of adding preoperative magnetic resonance imaging to ultrasonography on male breast cancer survival: a matched analysis with female breast cancer.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Feasibility of targeted therapies in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer in men: real-world data from a population-based registry.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Encapsulated Rose Bengal Enhances the Photodynamic Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impacts of Subtype on Clinical Feature and Outcome of Male Breast Cancer: Multicenter Study in Korea (KCSG BR16-09).Cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis for male breast cancer compared to female breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Molecular profiling of male breast cancer by multigene panel testing: Implications for precision oncology.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- The Evaluation of 17 Gastrointestinal Tumor Markers Reveals Prognosis Value for MUC6, CK17, and CD10 in Gallbladder-Cancer Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular and Other Competing Causes of Death in Male Breast Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Epidemiologic Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2021Article
- Comparing the Characteristics and Outcomes of Male and Female Breast Cancer Patients in Korea: Korea Central Cancer Registry.Cancer research and treatment · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMale breast cancer accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers, yet males have a worse prognosis than females with breast cancer.
methodsUsing the 1988-2003 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data, we conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study to investigate stage-specific differences in breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality between males and females. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox regression models to compare breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality by stage between males and females, controlling for potential confounding variables.
resultsThere were 246,059 patients with a first, single, primary breast cancer [1,541 (0.6%) male; 244,518 (99.4%) female]. Compared with females, males were more likely to be older, Black, married, diagnosed at more advanced stages, and treated with mastectomy (each P < 0.001). Males also were more likely to have lower grade and estrogen/progesterone receptor-positive tumors (each P < 0.001). After controlling for confounders, males were more likely to die from their breast cancer when compared with females, only if diagnosed with stage I disease (aHR 1.72, CI 1.15-2.61). For all-cause mortality, males were more likely than females to die at each stage of disease except stage IV.
conclusionsAlthough all-cause mortality was higher for men than women at all stages of nonmetastatic breast cancer, higher male breast cancer-specific mortality was attributed to poorer survival in stage I disease. However, this statistical difference is unlikely to be clinically relevant and attributable to in-stage migration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.