ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2011
Use of prescribed opioid analgesics and co-medication with benzodiazepines in women before, during, and after pregnancy: a population-based cohort study.
Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Benzodiazepines and Z-Drug Medications During Antenatal and Postnatal Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trends and Characteristics of Opioid Use During Pregnancy Between 2010 and 2023: A French Nationwide Drug Utilization Study.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Opioid analgesic use during pregnancy: a drug utilization cohort study in Catalonia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Prenatal opioid exposure and risk of asthma in childhood: a population-based study from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Association of Timing and Duration of Prenatal Analgesic Opioid Exposure With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Opioid and benzodiazepine dispensing and co-dispensing patterns among commercially insured pregnant women in the United States, 2007-2015.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- A population-based study of concurrent prescriptions of opioid analgesic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications during pregnancy and risk for adverse birth outcomes.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2021Article
- Association of first trimester prescription opioid use with congenital malformations in the offspring: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
- Maternal prescribed opioid analgesic use during pregnancy and associations with adverse birth outcomes: A population-based study.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Comparison of the cohort selection performance of Australian Medicines Terminology to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical mappings.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2019Article
- Association of Maternal Use of Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotics During Pregnancy With Motor and Communication Skills and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Preschoolers.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Pregnancy outcome following opioid exposure: A cohort study.PloS one · 2019Article
- Opioid use during pregnancy: a population-based cohort study.CMAJ open · 2017Article
- Clinical correlates of prescription opioid analgesic use in pregnancy.Maternal and child health journal · 2015Article
- Dispensing of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs to pregnant women: a population-based cohort study.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Article
- Patterns of opioid utilization in pregnancy in a large cohort of commercial insurance beneficiaries in the United States.Anesthesiology · 2014Article
- Medical and psychological risks and consequences of long-term opioid therapy in women.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of the study was to describe the use of prescribed opioid analgesics for noncancer pain and the degree of possible concurrent co-medication with benzodiazepines to women in Norway before, during, and after pregnancy.
methodsThis was a population-based cohort study based on linkage of two nationwide registries: the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and the Norwegian Prescription Database. Prescribed opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines issued to women 3 months prior to, during, and 3 months after pregnancies were identified. The study population consisted of 194,937 singleton pregnancies beginning in March 2004 or later and ending before January 2009.
resultsAbout 6% of the women were dispensed opioid analgesics before, during, or after pregnancy. Almost all these women received weak opioids (99%) with short-acting codeine in combination with paracetamol (acetaminophen) as the most frequently dispensed drug. The dispensing of codeine was reduced from 24/1,000 women before pregnancy to 10/1,000 in the last trimester, increasing to 17/1,000 during the breastfeeding period. Most women were dispensed codeine once, and treatment was of short duration (about 1 week). A small group of women (n = 271) were dispensed opioids in all trimesters. Increasing benzodiazepine use was observed as the number of opioid prescriptions increased.
conclusionsThe use of opioid analgesics in pregnant women in Norway was dominated by treatment of short duration of the weak opioid codeine. As pregnancy proceeded, opioid use was reduced. However, the increase in opioid use during the nursing period has the potential for serious adverse effects.
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