SynthesisPloS one2011
Previous lung diseases and lung cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
179 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Racial inequalities in eligibility and access to lung cancer screening: systematic review of United States studies.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of CT-guided 125I particle implantation for the treatment of elderly lung cancer: a system evaluation and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Lung Cancer Risk in US Adults with COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Pooled it
- Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pulmonary medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Occupational Physical Activity and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cancer incidence attributable to tuberculosis in 2015: global, regional, and national estimates.BMC cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss Are Associated with Lung Cancer Risk.BioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- No significant association between the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence and prediction in a high-risk lung cancer screening population.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2020Trial
- Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and risk of lung cancer.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Relationship Between EGFR Mutation Status and Clinicopathological Parameters in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas and Correlation of PD-L1 Expression.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis Masking Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Diagnostic Pitfall Following Apparent Treatment Response.Cureus · 2026Article
- Multi-trait and multi-ancestry genetic analysis of comorbid lung diseases and traits improves genetic discovery and polygenic risk prediction.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Radiologic phenotype-specific transcriptomic signatures in lung tissues from patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Lung cancer in never-smoking females: epidemiology, risk factors and screening.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Genome-wide methylation analysis of circulating cell-free DNA identifies an episignature in lung cancer: validation of EMP2 as a potential biomarker.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Actionable mutations and targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer among Latin American and Hispanic patients: a systematic literature review of prognosis and meta-analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- HISLIS: Histology, Sarcopenia, and Lung Inflammation Score-A New Perspective for Lung Cancer Patients?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn order to review the epidemiologic evidence concerning previous lung diseases as risk factors for lung cancer, a meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted.
methodsRelevant studies were identified through MEDLINE searches. Using random effects models, summary effects of specific previous conditions were evaluated separately and combined. Stratified analyses were conducted based on smoking status, gender, control sources and continent.
resultsA previous history of COPD, chronic bronchitis or emphysema conferred relative risks (RR) of 2.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66, 2.97) (from 16 studies), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.25, 1.84) (from 23 studies) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.72, 2.41) (from 20 studies), respectively, and for all these diseases combined 1.80 (95% CI: 1.60, 2.11) (from 39 studies). The RR of lung cancer for subjects with a previous history of pneumonia was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.22-1.68) (from 22 studies) and for subjects with a previous history of tuberculosis was 1.76 (95% CI=1.49, 2.08), (from 30 studies). Effects were attenuated when restricting analysis to never smokers only for COPD/emphysema/chronic bronchitis (RR=1.22, 0.97-1.53), however remained significant for pneumonia 1.36 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.69) (from 8 studies) and tuberculosis 1.90 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.50) (from 11 studies).
conclusionsPrevious lung diseases are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer with the evidence among never smokers supporting a direct relationship between previous lung diseases and lung cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.