ArticlePloS one2011
Decreased Th1-type inflammatory cytokine expression in the skin is associated with persisting symptoms after treatment of erythema migrans.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- The AxBioTick study - immune gene expression signatures in human skin bitten by Borrelia-infected versus non-infected ticks.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Determinants of persistent symptoms after treatment for Lyme borreliosis: a prospective observational cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2023Observational
- Lyme disease and the pursuit of a clinical cure.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Non-specific symptoms and post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome in patients with Lyme borreliosis: a prospective cohort study in Belgium (2016-2020).BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi Is a Poor Inducer of Gamma Interferon: Amplification Induced by Interleukin-12.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Metabolic Response in Patients With Post-treatment Lyme Disease Symptoms/Syndrome.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Prevalence of persistent symptoms after treatment for lyme borreliosis: A prospective observational cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2021Article
- Stimulated Immune Response by TruCultureFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Observational
- Prevalence and determinants of persistent symptoms after treatment for Lyme borreliosis: study protocol for an observational, prospective cohort study (LymeProspect).BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Transcriptome Assessment of Erythema Migrans Skin Lesions in Patients With Early Lyme Disease Reveals Predominant Interferon Signaling.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- When a patient suspected with juvenile idiopathic arthritis turns out to be diagnosed with an infectious disease - a review of Lyme arthritis in children.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2017Review
- Lyme borreliosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2016Review
- Susceptibility to Ticks and Lyme Disease Spirochetes Is Not Affected in Mice Coinfected with Nematodes.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi induces a type I interferon response during early stages of disseminated infection in mice.BMC microbiology · 2016Article
- Article
- Infections with Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis and Cytokine Responses in 2 Persons Bitten by Ticks, Sweden.Emerging infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Induction of type I and type III interferons by Borrelia burgdorferi correlates with pathogenesis and requires linear plasmid 36.PloS one · 2014Article
- Assessment of transcriptional activity of Borrelia burgdorferi and host cytokine genes during early and late infection in a mouse model.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2013Article
- Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDespite the good prognosis of erythema migrans (EM), some patients have persisting symptoms of various character and duration post-treatment. Several factors may affect the clinical outcome of EM, e.g. the early interaction between Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi and the host immune response, the B. burgdorferi genotype, antibiotic treatment as well as other clinical circumstances. Our study was designed to determine whether early cytokine expression in the skin and in peripheral blood in patients with EM is associated with the clinical outcome.
methodsA prospective follow-up study of 109 patients with EM was conducted at the Åland Islands, Finland. Symptoms were evaluated at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-treatment. Skin biopsies from the EM and healthy skin were immunohistochemically analysed for expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12p70 and interferon (IFN)-γ, as well as for B. burgdorferi DNA. Blood samples were analysed for B. burgdorferi antibodies, allergic predisposition and levels of systemic cytokines.
findingsNone of the patients developed late manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. However, at the 6-month follow-up, 7 of 88 patients reported persisting symptoms of diverse character. Compared to asymptomatic patients, these 7 patients showed decreased expression of the Th1-associated cytokine IFN-γ in the EM biopsies (p=0.003). B. afzelii DNA was found in 48%, B. garinii in 15% and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto in 1% of the EM biopsies, and species distribution was the same in patients with and without post-treatment symptoms. The two groups did not differ regarding baseline patient characteristics, B. burgdorferi antibodies, allergic predisposition or systemic cytokine levels.
conclusionPatients with persisting symptoms following an EM show a decreased Th1-type inflammatory response in infected skin early during the infection, which might reflect a dysregulation of the early immune response. This finding supports the importance of an early, local Th1-type response for optimal resolution of LB.
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