ArticlePLoS pathogens2011
Dissection of the influenza A virus endocytic routes reveals macropinocytosis as an alternative entry pathway.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 216 papers.
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Who cites it
216 citing papers in PubMed, 333 citations in OpenAlex.
- AXL mediates influenza A virus entry and drives virus-induced inflammation.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Substitutions affecting the HA-NA-receptor balance preceded the emergence of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- TRIM62 facilitates influenza A virus entry by regulating WASH-dependent endosomal trafficking.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Divergent pathogenic mechanisms of influenza A and influenza B viruses.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- EV-D68 exploits clathrin-mediated endocytosis and compensatory macropinocytosis for cellular entry.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Sorting Nexin 10 Mediates Endosomal Acidification and Autophagy to Promote Influenza A Virus Infection.Viruses · 2026Article
- Neuraminidase of influenza A viruses induces global desialylation of host cells via its intracellular function.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Amphotericin B promotes respiratory viral entry by enhancing late endosomal maturation and fusion via glucocerebrosidase-mediated ceramide remodeling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Update on the Efficacy of Vaccination on Host Immunity to Influenza Virus Infection.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Review
- The actin nucleation promoting factor WASH facilitates clathrin-independent endocytosis of human papillomaviruses.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- TfR1 facilitates influenza virus endocytosis and uncoating by interacting with NA and M1 via extracellular and intracellular domains.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Enhanced visualization of influenza A virus entry into living cells using virus-view atomic force microscopy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The crucial role of intercellular calcium wave propagation triggered by influenza A virus in promoting infection.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Metabolic Reprogramming in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Focus on SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Adducin-1 Facilitates Influenza Virus Endosomal Trafficking and Uncoating by Regulating Branched Actin Dynamics and Myosin IIB Activity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Proximity labelling of internalizing influenza A viruses reveals a role for neogenin in virus uptake.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Morphology-dependent entry kinetics and spread of influenza A virus.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Cell-based sialoglycan arrays for directly comparing influenza A virus receptor requirements for binding and infection.iScience · 2025Article
- Macropinosomes are a site of HIV-1 entry into primary CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Cell binding, uptake, and infection of influenza A virus using recombinant antibody-based receptors.Journal of virology · 2025Article
156 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) enters host cells upon binding of its hemagglutinin glycoprotein to sialylated host cell receptors. Whereas dynamin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is generally considered as the IAV infection pathway, some observations suggest the occurrence of an as yet uncharacterized alternative entry route. By manipulating entry parameters we established experimental conditions that allow the separate analysis of dynamin-dependent and -independent entry of IAV. Whereas entry of IAV in phosphate-buffered saline could be completely inhibited by dynasore, a specific inhibitor of dynamin, a dynasore-insensitive entry pathway became functional in the presence of fetal calf serum. This finding was confirmed with the use of small interfering RNAs targeting dynamin-2. In the presence of serum, both IAV entry pathways were operational. Under these conditions entry could be fully blocked by combined treatment with dynasore and the amiloride derivative EIPA, the hallmark inhibitor of macropinocytosis, whereas either drug alone had no effect. The sensitivity of the dynamin-independent entry pathway to inhibitors or dominant-negative mutants affecting actomyosin dynamics as well as to a number of specific inhibitors of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream effectors thereof all point to the involvement of macropinocytosis in IAV entry. Consistently, IAV particles and soluble FITC-dextran were shown to co-localize in cells in the same vesicles. Thus, in addition to the classical dynamin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway, IAV enters host cells by a dynamin-independent route that has all the characteristics of macropinocytosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.