ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2011
HIV and tuberculosis: a deadly human syndemic.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 383 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
383 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-based prediction of tuberculosis treatment failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- What do the clinical features of positive nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates from patients with HIV/AIDS in China reveal? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and risks of tuberculosis multimorbidity in low-income and middle-income countries: a meta-review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Diagnostic value of Lipoarabinomannan antigen for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in adults and children with or without HIV infection.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Economic and modeling evidence for tuberculosis preventive therapy among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- HIV infection and multidrug resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Tuberculosis and its association with CD4BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of investigational tuberculosis vaccine M72/AS01The lancet. HIV · 2025Trial
- Relationship Between Anemia and Systemic Inflammation in People Living With HIV and Tuberculosis: A Sub-Analysis of the CADIRIS Clinical Trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Unpacking the dynamics of double stigma: how the HIV-TB co-epidemic alters TB stigma and its management among healthcare workers.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Adjunct N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Dampens the Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood: Results From the RIPENACTB Study Trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Review
- Using causal frameworks to reduce bias in observational TB research: a comparison of model-building approaches.IJTLD open · 2026Article
- Prevalence of major risk factors for tuberculosis in COVID-19 active case-finding camps in India.Public health action · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Genotypes of Mycobacteria Species in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples in a Tertiary Laboratory, Northern Pretoria, South Africa.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impaired IFNγ responsiveness of monocyte-derived lung cells limits immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Lung function impairment at pulmonary TB and HIV/TB diagnosis: a South African cross-sectional cohort analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Association of Diabetes Mellitus With a Shared Hyperinflammatory Immune Response in Patients With Melioidosis and Patients With Tuberculosis: An Observational Case-Control Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- HowVaccines · 2026Review
- Investigation of sputum volatiles to classify active tuberculosis: A pilot study.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
323 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics have had deadly consequences around the world. Without adequate control of the TB-HIV syndemic, the long-term TB elimination target set for 2050 will not be reached. There is an urgent need for additional resources and novel approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of both HIV and TB. Moreover, multidisciplinary approaches that consider HIV and TB together, rather than as separate problems and diseases, will be necessary to prevent further worsening of the HIV-TB syndemic. This review examines current knowledge of the state and impact of the HIV-TB syndemic and reviews the epidemiological, clinical, cellular, and molecular interactions between HIV and TB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.