ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2011
Hormones and the resistance of women to paracoccidioidomycosis.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chromoblastomycosis in Mainland China: a systematic review on clinical characteristics.Mycopathologia · 2013Pooled it
- Telomeric assemblies ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Histoplasmosis in Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Patients in Guadeloupe.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Vascular endothelial growth factor immunoexpression in oral paracoccidioidomycosis.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2025Article
- The conneXion between sex and immune responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Single ulcers on the tongue dorsum: differential diagnosis between paracoccidioidomycosis and squamous cell carcinoma.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2024Article
- Paracoccidioidomycosis: An atypical presentation in an immunocompetent woman.JAAD case reports · 2023Article
- Clinical and Demographic Features of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Argentina: A Multicenter Study Analysis of 466 Cases.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Factors influencing treatment adherence in paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil.Public health challenges · 2023Article
- Insights into Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Central Nervous System Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Comprehensive Review.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2023Review
- Osteoarticular Mycoses.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- PbGP43 Genotyping Using Paraffin-Embedded Biopsies of Human Paracoccidioidomycosis Reveals a Genetically Distinct Lineage in the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Complex.Mycopathologia · 2022Article
- Clinical and Eco-Epidemiological Aspects of a Novel Hyperendemic Area of Paracoccidioidomycosis in the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin (Northern Brazil), Caused byJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Challenges in Serologic Diagnostics of Neglected Human Systemic Mycoses: An Overview on Characterization of New Targets.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sex Differences in Susceptibility to Coccidioidomycosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- A Case-Control Study of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Women: The Hormonal Protection Revisited.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Recent Trends in the Epidemiology of Fungal Infections.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2021Review
- Paracoccidioidomycosis Diagnosed in Europe-A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Endemic and Other Dimorphic Mycoses in The Americas.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A single-centre, retrospective study of the incidence of invasive fungal infections during 85 years of autopsy service in Brazil.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most important endemic and systemic mycoses in Latin America, presents several clinical pictures. Epidemiological studies indicate a striking rarity of disease (but not infection) in females, but only during the reproductive years. This suggested a hormonal interaction between female hormones and the etiologic dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Many fungi have been shown to use hormonal (pheromonal) fungal molecules for intercellular communication, and there are increasing numbers of examples of interactions between mammalian hormones and fungi, including the specific binding of mammalian hormones by fungal proteins, and suggestions of mammalian hormonal modulation of fungal behavior. This suggests an evolutionary conservation of hormonal receptor systems. We recount studies showing the specific hormonal binding of mammalian estrogen to proteins in P. brasiliensis and an action of estrogen to specifically block the transition from the saprophytic form to the invasive form of the fungus in vitro. This block has been demonstrated to occur in vivo in animal studies. These unique observations are consistent with an estrogen-fungus receptor-mediated effect on pathogenesis. The fungal genes responsive to estrogen action are under study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.