Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21481256›Full record

ArticleBMC research notes2011

Prevalence of nail biting and its association with mental health in a community sample of children.

Ahmad Ghanizadeh, Hajar Shekoohi

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC research notes, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06471153 (BASNEF Behavioral Transformation), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06471153 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

BASNEF Behavioral Transformation: Effect of Empowerment Program on Children's Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Efficacy, and Practice of Nail Biting.

TypeinterventionalSponsorAlexandria UniversityRan2023 to 2023Enrolled135ConditionsNail BitingArmsEmpowerment Program Based on BASNEF Model, Routine Health Education
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A systematic review on the prevalence of conduct disorder in the Middle East.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2017
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Prevalence of deleterious oral habits in children in Punjab: a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of parental awareness and responses.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Association between Child Abuse and Poor Oral Habits in Mongolian Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  7. Update on Diagnosis and Management of Onychophagia and Onychotillomania.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Nail biting; etiology, consequences and management.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2011
    Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ahmad GhanizadehResearch Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. ghanizad@sina.tums.ac.ir.
Hajar Shekoohi
Hafez Hospital · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study evaluates onychophagia or nail biting (NB) prevalence and association with mental health of a community sample of children from Shiraz, Iran.

findingsThe parents of 743 primary school children, selected by random sampling, reported NB behavior of their children and themselves. Children's mental health problem was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). 22.3% (95% CI: 19.3 to 25.3) of children had NB behavior in the last three months (girls: 20.1% (95% CI: 15.9 to 24.2). The rate in boys was 24.4% (95% CI: 20.1 to 28.7). 36.8% of the children with NB had at least one family member with nail biting. Older age was associated with a higher prevalence of NB while a higher score on the prosocial score was associated with a lower prevalence of NB.

conclusionsNB is a very common behavior in both genders in children and their family members. Children with NB have less prosocial ability than those without it.

Identifiers

PMID21481256
PMCPMC3082216
OpenAlexW2015835392

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.