SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2011
An analysis of early insulin glargine added to metformin with or without sulfonylurea: impact on glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia.
Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antihyperglycemic agent therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2017: a position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2017Guideline
- Insulin therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2017Guideline
- A Randomized Trial of Insulin Glargine plus Oral Hypoglycemic Agents versus Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion to Treat Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2018Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Lixisenatide and Insulin Glargine, Versus Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy: The LixiLan Proof-of-Concept Randomized Trial.Diabetes care · 2016 · on this mapTrial
- CELESTIA: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Empagliflozin Versus Sitagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Greece.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2023Article
- A Comparison Between the Therapeutic Effect of Metformin Alone versus a Combination Therapy with Insulin in Uncontrolled, Non-Adherence Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Six Months Follow-Up.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Rationale for Timely Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Within the Framework of Individualised Treatment: 2020 Update.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020Review
- All-cause mortality of insulin plus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in persons with type 2 diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2019Article
- Second-Generation Insulin Analogues - a Review of Recent Real-World Data and Forthcoming Head-to-Head Comparisons.European endocrinology · 2018Review
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Canagliflozin 300 mg Versus Dapagliflozin 10 mg Added to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the United States.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018Article
- GOAL study: clinical and non-clinical predictive factors for achieving glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes in real clinical practice.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2018Article
- Optimizing Glycemic Control Through Titration of Insulin Glargine 100 U/mL: A Review of Current and Future Approaches with a Focus on Asian Populations.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2017Review
- Antihyperglycemic Agent Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2017: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2017Review
- Future challenges and therapeutic opportunities in type 2 diabetes: Changing the paradigm of current therapy.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2017Review
- Insulin Therapy for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Position Statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2017Review
- Comparison of Antidiabetic Regimens in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled by Combination Therapy of Sulfonylurea and Metformin: Results of the MOHAS Disease Registry in Korea.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2017Article
- Early Treatment with Basal Insulin Glargine in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from ORIGIN and Other Cardiovascular Trials.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2016Review
- Health Outcomes Associated with Initiation of Basal Insulin After 1, 2, or ≥ 3 Oral Antidiabetes Drug(s) Among Managed Care Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2015Observational
- Basal insulin combined incretin mimetic therapy with glucagon-like protein 1 receptor agonists as an upcoming option in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a practical guide to decision making.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Review
- Insulin glargine effectively achieves glycemic control and improves insulin resistance in patients with early type 2 diabetes that exhibit a high risk for cardiovascular disease.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo evaluate the benefits of initiating insulin at an earlier versus later treatment stage, and regimens with/without sulfonylurea (SU).
methodsPooled analysis of 11 prospective randomized clinical trials, including 2171 adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes initiating insulin glargine following a specific titration algorithm. Clinical outcomes were glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, per cent achieving HbA1c ≤ 7.0%, weight gain and hypoglycaemic events. Statistical analysis compared outcomes 24 weeks after basal insulin initiation in patients previously uncontrolled on 0/1 oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) versus 2 OADs, and in patients taking metformin (MET) or SU alone or in combination at baseline. A meta-analysis was also conducted.
resultsFor the pooled analysis, patients on 0/1 OAD and those on MET monotherapy at baseline had the largest 24-week reductions in HbA1c following the addition of insulin glargine (∼0.44 U/kg). Of patients failing MET/SU monotherapy and MET + SU in combination, 68.1, 50.4 and 56.4% achieved HbA1c ≤ 7.0%, respectively (p = 0.0006). Weight gain was lowest when basal insulin was added to MET. Patients on 0/1 OAD at baseline had significantly less symptomatic hypoglycaemia when basal insulin was added than those on 2 OADs (p = 0.0007). Despite higher insulin doses, those taking MET alone had less hypoglycaemia than those taking SU or MET + SU. Results were confirmed in the meta-analysis.
conclusionAdding insulin glargine to MET monotherapy early in treatment may provide efficacy/safety benefits over regimens including SU. This may reflect treatment earlier in the disease and supports the inclusion of insulin as a second step in the American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes treatment algorithm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.