ArticleJournal of bacteriology2011
The major autolysin of Streptococcus gordonii is subject to complex regulation and modulates stress tolerance, biofilm formation, and extracellular-DNA release.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophil Activation Decreases Ability to Kill Oral Streptococcus gordonii.Molecular oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Disruption ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Formation of a biofilm matrix network shapes polymicrobial interactions.The ISME journal · 2023Article
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- Understanding the Matrix: The Role of Extracellular DNA in Oral Biofilms.Frontiers in oral health · 2021Review
- Harnessing the Potential of Killers and Altruists within the Microbial Community: A Possible Alternative to Antibiotic Therapy?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Glycosyltransferase-Mediated Biofilm Matrix Dynamics and Virulence of Streptococcus mutans.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
- The inhibitory effects of polypyrrole on the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans.PloS one · 2019Article
- Streptococcus mutans extracellular DNA levels depend on the number of bacteria in a biofilm.Scientific reports · 2018Article
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- Raffinose Induces Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans in Low Concentrations of Sucrose by Increasing Production of Extracellular DNA and Fructan.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
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- Streptococcus gordonii comCDE (competence) operon modulates biofilm formation with Candida albicans.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2015Article
- [Effects of growth stages and pH value on the expression of autolytic enzyme atIS gene of Streptococcus gordonii].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2015Article
- Characterization of the arginolytic microflora provides insights into pH homeostasis in human oral biofilms.Caries research · 2015Article
- Two-component system VicRK regulates functions associated with establishment of Streptococcus sanguinis in biofilms.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Streptococcus mutans extracellular DNA is upregulated during growth in biofilms, actively released via membrane vesicles, and influenced by components of the protein secretion machinery.Journal of bacteriology · 2014Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation and dispersion during colonization and disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2014Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A gene, designated atlS, encoding a major autolysin from Streptococcus gordonii, was identified and characterized. The predicted AtlS protein is 1,160 amino acids and 127 kDa and has a conserved β1,4-N-acetylmuramidase domain. Zymographic analysis of wild-type S. gordonii revealed peptidoglycan hydrolase activities with molecular masses of 130 and 90 kDa that were absent in an atlS deletion mutant. Western blotting revealed that the 90-kDa band was derived from the 130-kDa protein. Inactivation of atlS resulted in formation of long chains by the cells, markedly decreased autolytic capacity, poor biofilm formation, diminished tolerance of acid and oxidative stress, and decreased production of extracellular DNA (eDNA). The biofilm-forming capacity of the atlS mutant could be almost completely restored to that of the wild-type strain by adding purified recombinant AtlA autolysin of S. mutans but was only partially restored by addition of eDNA. Autolysis, eDNA release, and atlS expression increased sharply when cells entered stationary phase and were greatly enhanced in cells growing with aeration. The LytST and VicRK two-component systems were both required for the induction of atlS by aeration, and purified LytT was able to bind to the promoter region of atlS in vitro. Thus, AtlS and its associated regulatory cascade dominantly control phenotypes of S. gordonii that are critical to colonization, persistence, and competition with other commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria in response to the redox environment and growth domain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.