SynthesisBMJ clinical evidence2011
HIV: prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
Synthesis in BMJ clinical evidence, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: A Systematic Review on Psychological Well-Being and Association with School Performances in Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Current Status of Safer Conception Strategies for HIV Affected Heterosexual Couples in Sub-Saharan Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2018Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the performance and operational characteristics of dual point-of-care tests for HIV and syphilis.Sexually transmitted infections · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Viral load suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in Ghana: a prospective longitudinal study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Outcomes of pregnancy and HIV status of infants born to women with HIV in Larkana, Pakistan: a ten-year retrospective study (2011-2021).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Compliance with the WHO-recommended infant feeding practices among HIV-positive mothers at Public Health Facilities of Mekelle, Tigray, northern Ethiopia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Advancements and Challenges in Eliminating Perinatal Transmission of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comprehensive Analysis.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Review
- Distinct immune profiles in children living with HIV based on timing and duration of suppressive antiretroviral treatment.Virology · 2025Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Breastfeeding: Clinical Considerations and Mechanisms of Transmission in the Modern Era of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Early inflammation as a footprint of increased mortality risk in infants living with HIV from three African countries.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Immunoexpression of neuropilin-1 in the chorionic villi of HIV-infected preeclamptic South African women of African ancestry.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2023Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in People Living with HIV.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Review
- Vertical HIV-1 Transmission in the Setting of Maternal Broad and Potent Antibody Responses.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Evaluation of infants with HIV-infected mothers and perinatal transmission in Turkey: A single-center experience.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2021Article
- Tenofovir alafenamide use in pregnant and lactating women living with HIV.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2020Review
- Development of vaccines against the sexually transmitted infections gonorrhoea, syphilis, Chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Zika virus.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2020Review
- The Elusive Role of Placental Macrophages: The Hofbauer Cell.Journal of innate immunity · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOver 2 million children are thought to be living with HIV/AIDS worldwide, of whom over 80% live in sub-Saharan Africa. Without antiretroviral treatment, the risk of HIV transmission from infected mothers to their children is 15% to 30% during gestation or labour, with an additional transmission risk of 10% to 20% associated with prolonged breastfeeding. HIV-1 infection accounts for most infections; HIV-2 is rarely transmitted from mother to child. Transmission is more likely in mothers with high viral loads, advanced disease, or both, in the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, and with increased exposure to maternal blood. Mixed feeding practices (breast milk plus other liquids or solids) and prolonged breastfeeding are also associated with increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of measures to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
resultsWe found 53 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria.
conclusionsIn this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antiretroviral drugs, different methods of infant feeding, elective caesarean section, immunotherapy, micronutrient supplements, vaginal microbicides, and vitamin supplements.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21477392PMC3217724W2116553858What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.