SynthesisBMC public health2011
Causal assessment of smoking and tooth loss: a systematic review of observational studies.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Tooth Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of smoking cessation on tooth loss: a systematic review with meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2019Pooled it
- Inequality in Utilization of Dental Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.American journal of public health · 2018Pooled it
- Association of HLA-B*5801 allele and allopurinol-induced Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical genetics · 2011Pooled it
- Patient stratification for preventive care in dentistry.Journal of dental research · 2013Trial
- Exploring Associations Between Frequency and Methods of Cannabis Use and Tooth Loss.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Article
- Exploring the Triangle Between Oxidative Stress, Advanced Glycation End Products and Dental Caries in the Context of Diet and Lifestyle.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Trends and inequalities in age-standardized prevalence rate of edentulism among members of European Union between 1990 and 2021.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Health-Related Behaviour Clusters and Functional Dentition in Older People.Gerodontology · 2025Article
- Effect of single-visit full-mouth non-surgical therapy and risk factor analysis on long-term periodontal treatment outcomes: aretrospective study.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Association between multimorbidity and having less than 20 natural teeth among Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Longitudinal Analysis of Tooth Loss as a Biomarker of Systemic Health: Insights From a 15-Year Study of 35 Patients.Cureus · 2025Article
- Smoking status and edentulism among older Chinese: a cohort study.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Association between tooth loss and depression mediated by lifestyle and Inflammation- a cross-sectional investigation.BMC public health · 2024Article
- A Cluster Analysis of Oral and Cognitive Health Indicators in the CLSA: An Exploratory Study on Cholinergic Activity as the Link.JDR clinical and translational research · 2024Article
- Relieving or aggravating the burden: Non-communicable diseases of dual users of electronic and conventional cigarette in Indonesia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Influence of Smoking on Periodontal and Implant Therapy: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Causal assessment in evidence synthesis: A methodological review of reviews.Research synthesis methods · 2022Review
- Association of type 2 diabetes with periodontitis and tooth loss in patients undergoing hemodialysis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Multiple Chronic Diseases Associated With Tooth Loss Among the US Adult Population.Frontiers in big data · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTooth loss impairs oral function. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the causal association between smoking and tooth loss on the basis of high-quality studies.
methodsRelevant literature was searched and screened, and the methodological quality was assessed. Information on the strength of the association between smoking and tooth loss, the dose-response relationship and natural experimental data was collected and evaluated with respect to consistency and study design.
resultsOur literature search yielded 496 citations, and 6 cross-sectional and 2 cohort high-quality studies examining 58,755 subjects in four countries. All studies reported significant associations, although the strength of the association was usually moderate. Four studies reported dose-response relationships between exposure to smoking and the risk of developing tooth loss. A decrease in the risk of tooth loss for former smokers was evident in six studies. Interpretation of evidence for each element was consistent, despite some shortcomings regarding study type and population.
conclusionsBased on the consistent evidence found with the existing biological plausibility, a causal association between smoking and tooth loss is highly likely. Further studies using a cohort design and different populations are necessary to confirm this association.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.