ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2011
Trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86: a molecular basis for the cell-extrinsic function of CTLA-4.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,056 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,056 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,747 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of gastritis as an immune-related adverse event in clinical interventions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Atezolizumab following definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a multicenter phase 2 trial (EPOC1802).Nature cancer · 2025Trial
- Trogocytosis: Emerging insights into cellular communication, immunity, and pathogenesis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Engineered CTLA-4 targeting chimeras for targeted protein degradation and immune synapse reprogramming.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment Network to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Advancements in Diagnosis and Care for Immune Dysregulation and Inborn Errors of Immunity in Pediatric Rheumatology: Our 50-Year Journey.Arthritis care & research · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cells: From Foxp3 to tolerance-inducing therapies.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Review
- Review
- Regulatory T Cells Across Oral Diseases: A Narrative Review on a Functional Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- CD80 as an Important Immune Mediator and Therapeutic Target in Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular Architecture and Clinical Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A homozygous CTLA-4 variant causes CTLA-4 deficiency with severe immune dysregulation.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- T Cell Thoughts.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Intratumoral Regulatory T-cell Ablation Mediates Tumor Control Systemically without Autoimmunity.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Cross-species transcriptomic integration reveals a MIRO1-mediated macrophage-T cell axis in glioma.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Endogenous metabolite signaling orchestrates tumor immune evasion.Cell insight · 2026Review
- T cell lymphomas: cancers of aberrant immune synapse signalling.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Review
996 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an essential negative regulator of T cell immune responses whose mechanism of action is the subject of debate. CTLA-4 shares two ligands (CD80 and CD86) with a stimulatory receptor, CD28. Here, we show that CTLA-4 can capture its ligands from opposing cells by a process of trans-endocytosis. After removal, these costimulatory ligands are degraded inside CTLA-4-expressing cells, resulting in impaired costimulation via CD28. Acquisition of CD86 from antigen-presenting cells is stimulated by T cell receptor engagement and observed in vitro and in vivo. These data reveal a mechanism of immune regulation in which CTLA-4 acts as an effector molecule to inhibit CD28 costimulation by the cell-extrinsic depletion of ligands, accounting for many of the known features of the CD28-CTLA-4 system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.