Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21473985›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics2011

Loss-of-function mutations in RAB18 cause Warburg micro syndrome.

Danai Bem, Shin-Ichiro Yoshimura, Ricardo Nunes-Bastos, Frances C Bond, Frances F Bond, Manju A Kurian, Fatima Rahman, Mark T W Handley, Yavor Hadzhiev, Imran Masood and 18 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of human genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
93citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Genetics of Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic HypogonadismJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026
    Review
  3. Heterogeneity, dynamics and organelle interactions of lipid droplets.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. First Clinical Report of TwoJournal of pediatric genetics · 2023
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
    Bond, Frances F [corrected to Bond, Frances C]
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Danai BemMedical and Molecular Genetics, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Shin-Ichiro Yoshimura
Ricardo Nunes-Bastos
Frances C Bond
Frances F Bond
Manju A Kurian
Fatima Rahman
Mark T W Handley
Yavor Hadzhiev
Imran Masood
Ania A Straatman-Iwanowska
Andrew R Cullinane
Alisdair McNeill
Shanaz S Pasha
Gail A Kirby
Katharine Foster
Zubair Ahmed
Jenny E Morton
Denise Williams
John M Graham
William B Dobyns
Lydie Burglen
John R Ainsworth
Paul Gissen
Ferenc Müller
Eamonn R Maher
Francis A Barr
Irene A Aligianis
University of Birmingham · GBBirmingham Women's Hospital · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GBBirmingham Children's Hospital · GBCedars-Sinai Medical Center · USHôpital Armand-Trousseau · FRMRC Human Genetics UnitNational Health Service · GBUniversity of Chicago · US

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_U127597123Medical Research Council MC_U127597123Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 082467/Z/07/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Warburg Micro syndrome and Martsolf syndrome are heterogenous autosomal-recessive developmental disorders characterized by brain, eye, and endocrine abnormalities. Previously, identification of mutations in RAB3GAP1 and RAB3GAP2 in both these syndromes implicated dysregulation of the RAB3 cycle (which controls calcium-mediated exocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones) in disease pathogenesis. RAB3GAP1 and RAB3GAP2 encode the catalytic and noncatalytic subunits of the hetrodimeric enzyme RAB3GAP (RAB3GTPase-activating protein), a key regulator of the RAB3 cycle. We performed autozygosity mapping in five consanguineous families without RAB3GAP1/2 mutations and identified loss-of-function mutations in RAB18. A c.71T > A (p.Leu24Gln) founder mutation was identified in four Pakistani families, and a homozygous exon 2 deletion (predicted to result in a frameshift) was found in the fifth family. A single family whose members were compound heterozygotes for an anti-termination mutation of the stop codon c.619T > C (p.X207QextX20) and an inframe arginine deletion c.277_279 del (p.Arg93 del) were identified after direct gene sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) of a further 58 families. Nucleotide binding assays for RAB18(Leu24Gln) and RAB18(Arg93del) showed that these mutant proteins were functionally null in that they were unable to bind guanine. The clinical features of Warburg Micro syndrome patients with RAB3GAP1 or RAB3GAP2 mutations and RAB18 mutations are indistinguishable, although the role of RAB18 in trafficking is still emerging, and it has not been linked previously to the RAB3 pathway. Knockdown of rab18 in zebrafish suggests that it might have a conserved developmental role. Our findings imply that RAB18 has a critical role in human brain and eye development and neurodegeneration.

Indexed as

MutationAbnormalities, MultipleAmino Acid SequenceAmino Acid SubstitutionBase SequenceCataractCodon, TerminatorConsanguinityCorneaDNA Mutational AnalysisFemaleFounder EffectHaplotypesHumansHypogonadismIntellectual DisabilityCodon, TerminatorMutant ProteinsRAB18 protein, humanRAB3GAP2 protein, humanrab3 GTP-Binding Proteinsrab GTP-Binding Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21473985
PMCPMC3071920
OpenAlexW2146647216

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.